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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Role of external synchronizers (photoperiod and ambient temperature) in adaptation to extreme environmental conditions in two seasonal species : the camel (Camelus dromedarius) adapted to hot areas and European hamster (Cricetus cricetus) adapted to cold areas
No full textL’intégrité fonctionnelle des organismes vivants, Homme y compris dépend des rythmes biologiques. La perturbation de ces rythmes due aux conditions de vie du monde moderne (travail posté, jet-lag,…) ou des circonstances naturelles (vieillissement), favorise l’installation de pathologies spécifiques (troubles du sommeil, l’obésité, le diabète,…). Afin de retarder l’apparition de ces troubles, la conception des projets expérimentaux sur des modèles d’animaux diurnes et des modèles d’animaux vivants dans des biotopes particuliers où l’Homme est présent (zone désertique) est nécessaire. Le but de ma thèse est d’essayer de comprendre les mécanismes neurophysiologiques d’adaptation aux conditions environnementales extrêmes chez le dromadaire (adapté à la chaleur) et le hamster d’Europe (adapté au froid). Une première partie révèle qu’en plus de la photopériode, la température ambiante est un véritable synchroniseur de l’horloge biologique du moins en absence du cycle lumière-obscurité. Dans une seconde partie, notre objectif était de vérifier si les variations saisonniers de la température ambiante sont capables comme les changements photopériodiques d’induire des modifications saisonnières sur le rythme de mélatonine et/ou de la température corporelle. Nous avons commencé par la vérification de l’existence de l’hétérothermie adaptative chez le dromadaire surtout que ce phénomène a été contesté récemment. Nos résultats démontrent que le dromadaire privé d’eau de boisson et placé sous des températures ambiantes élevées, adopte une régulation complexe de thermorégulation caractérisée par une alternance quotidienne de phase de poïkilothermie et d’homéothermie. Cet état d’hétérothermie a également été observé chez des dromadaires parfaitement hydratés, sujet d’une restriction alimentaire. Nos résultats concluent donc que l’hétérothermie adaptative chez le dromadaire est une combinaison de plusieurs facteurs qui interagissent le long du cycle lumière-obscurité, à savoir la température ambiante, la privation hydrique et la prise alimentaire. Finalement, nous avons démontré chez le hamster d’Europe que les neurones des noyaux arqués sont capables d’intégrer le signal photopériodique et cela indépendamment de la présence de la mélatonine. L’existence de ce mécanisme particulier d’intégration de la photopériode chez d’autres mammifères y compris l’Homme doit maintenant être recherchée. Nos résultats ouvrent la voie à la mise en évidence de son intérêt pratique dans le contrôle des rythmes biologiques en particulier dans celui des rythmes circannuels.The functional integrity of living organisms, including human, depends on the biological rhythms. Disruption of these rhythms due to the living conditions of the modern world (shift work, jet lag ...) or natural circumstances (aging), leads various abnormalities (sleep disorders, obesity, diabetes ...). In order to understand pathophysiology of these abnormalities and adaptation in extreme environment, we need to design experiments on diurnal animals that cohabitate with human in specific biotopes. The aim of my thesis is to understand the neurophysiological mechanisms of adaptation to extreme environmental conditions in the camel (adapted to heat) and the European hamster (adapted to cold). Earlier we found that in addition to photoperiod, ambient temperature is a real synchronizer of the biological clock, at least in the absence of light-dark cycle. In the second part of my project, we investigated if seasonal variations of ambient temperature are capable to changes the rhythm of melatonin secretion and/or body temperature like photoperiod. Since heterothermy in camel challenged recently, we started our study by confirming the existence of adaptive heterothermy in camels. Our results demonstrate that dehydrated camels during exposure to daily heat show adaptive heterothermy. This mechanism is more complex because it is characterized by a daily alternation of two periods of poikilothermy and homeothermy. This adaptive heterothermy was also observed when camels are hydrated and food deprived. Based on our results, we can conclude that adaptive heterothermy in the Arabian camel is a combination of three factors interacting throughout the light-dark cycle: heat stress, water restriction, and level of food intake. Finally, we have demonstrated in European hamster that neurons of the arcuate nucleus are able to integrate photoperiodic signal, independent of melatonin. The existence of this particular mechanism of integration of photoperiod in other mammals including humans must be investigated. Our results promote to study the role of this new mechanism of integration of photoperiod in the control of biological rhythms in particular the circannual rhythm
Rôle des synchronisateurs externes (photopériode et température ambiante) dans l'adaptation aux conditions extrêmes de l'environnement chez deux espèces saisonnières : le dromadaire (Camelus dromaderius) adapté à la chaleur et le hamster d'Europe (Cricetus cricetus) adapté au froid
No full textThe functional integrity of living organisms, including human, depends on the biological rhythms. Disruption of these rhythms due to the living conditions of the modern world (shift work, jet lag ...) or natural circumstances (aging), leads various abnormalities (sleep disorders, obesity, diabetes ...). In order to understand pathophysiology of these abnormalities and adaptation in extreme environment, we need to design experiments on diurnal animals that cohabitate with human in specific biotopes. The aim of my thesis is to understand the neurophysiological mechanisms of adaptation to extreme environmental conditions in the camel (adapted to heat) and the European hamster (adapted to cold). Earlier we found that in addition to photoperiod, ambient temperature is a real synchronizer of the biological clock, at least in the absence of light-dark cycle. In the second part of my project, we investigated if seasonal variations of ambient temperature are capable to changes the rhythm of melatonin secretion and/or body temperature like photoperiod. Since heterothermy in camel challenged recently, we started our study by confirming the existence of adaptive heterothermy in camels. Our results demonstrate that dehydrated camels during exposure to daily heat show adaptive heterothermy. This mechanism is more complex because it is characterized by a daily alternation of two periods of poikilothermy and homeothermy. This adaptive heterothermy was also observed when camels are hydrated and food deprived. Based on our results, we can conclude that adaptive heterothermy in the Arabian camel is a combination of three factors interacting throughout the light-dark cycle: heat stress, water restriction, and level of food intake. Finally, we have demonstrated in European hamster that neurons of the arcuate nucleus are able to integrate photoperiodic signal, independent of melatonin. The existence of this particular mechanism of integration of photoperiod in other mammals including humans must be investigated. Our results promote to study the role of this new mechanism of integration of photoperiod in the control of biological rhythms in particular the circannual rhythmsL’intégrité fonctionnelle des organismes vivants, Homme y compris dépend des rythmes biologiques. La perturbation de ces rythmes due aux conditions de vie du monde moderne (travail posté, jet-lag,…) ou des circonstances naturelles (vieillissement), favorise l’installation de pathologies spécifiques (troubles du sommeil, l’obésité, le diabète,…). Afin de retarder l’apparition de ces troubles, la conception des projets expérimentaux sur des modèles d’animaux diurnes et des modèles d’animaux vivants dans des biotopes particuliers où l’Homme est présent (zone désertique) est nécessaire. Le but de ma thèse est d’essayer de comprendre les mécanismes neurophysiologiques d’adaptation aux conditions environnementales extrêmes chez le dromadaire (adapté à la chaleur) et le hamster d’Europe (adapté au froid). Une première partie révèle qu’en plus de la photopériode, la température ambiante est un véritable synchroniseur de l’horloge biologique du moins en absence du cycle lumière-obscurité. Dans une seconde partie, notre objectif était de vérifier si les variations saisonniers de la température ambiante sont capables comme les changements photopériodiques d’induire des modifications saisonnières sur le rythme de mélatonine et/ou de la température corporelle. Nous avons commencé par la vérification de l’existence de l’hétérothermie adaptative chez le dromadaire surtout que ce phénomène a été contesté récemment. Nos résultats démontrent que le dromadaire privé d’eau de boisson et placé sous des températures ambiantes élevées, adopte une régulation complexe de thermorégulation caractérisée par une alternance quotidienne de phase de poïkilothermie et d’homéothermie. Cet état d’hétérothermie a également été observé chez des dromadaires parfaitement hydratés, sujet d’une restriction alimentaire. Nos résultats concluent donc que l’hétérothermie adaptative chez le dromadaire est une combinaison de plusieurs facteurs qui interagissent le long du cycle lumière-obscurité, à savoir la température ambiante, la privation hydrique et la prise alimentaire. Finalement, nous avons démontré chez le hamster d’Europe que les neurones des noyaux arqués sont capables d’intégrer le signal photopériodique et cela indépendamment de la présence de la mélatonine. L’existence de ce mécanisme particulier d’intégration de la photopériode chez d’autres mammifères y compris l’Homme doit maintenant être recherchée. Nos résultats ouvrent la voie à la mise en évidence de son intérêt pratique dans le contrôle des rythmes biologiques en particulier dans celui des rythmes circannuels
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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