1,720,975 research outputs found
Methods for the assessment of human airway ciliary function
No full textAirway ciliary function analysis underpins PCD diagnostics and ex vivo/in vitro mucociliary clearance studies. It is an important measure of airway culture model integrity in health and after microbial/viral infections or airway drug therapies
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Caractérisation des mécanismes du battement ciliaire dans le cadre du transport mucociliaire normal et pathologique
Get PDFMucociliary clearance is the first line of defense of the respiratory tract. Alteration of this clearance leads to a stagnation and/or accumulation of mucus, potentially resulting in more or less partially obstructions and in chronic infections of the airways. There are two main types of mucociliary clearance alterations. The first one is linked to the mucus characteristics, as in cystic fibrosis. The second one is connected to cilium ultrastructure abnormalities and/or ciliary beating defects encompassed by the term of "ciliopathies" which may be primary or acquired.This work, which takes place in the clinical issue of respiratory ciliopathies and their care, aims to better characterize, through biomechanics tools, the mechanisms of ciliary beating (including a measurement of the global efficiency of cilia) and to transfer these knowledges in favor of the clinical management.A methodology of systematic characterization of the ciliary mechanics, from biological samples derived from patients observed through high-speed video-microscopy analysis, has been developed as the same time as the development of a numerical model incorporating the coupling between ciliary beating and fluid motion. This association between experiments and numerical model allowed to propose a new index usable by the clinicians to characterize the ciliary beating efficiency. This index has the advantage of not requiring a modification of the clinical practice of biological data collectionL'épuration mucociliaire est la première ligne de défense de l'appareil respiratoire. L'altération de l'épuration mucociliaire se traduit par une stagnation et/ou une accumulation de mucus, conduisant potentiellement à des obstructions plus ou moins partielles et à des infections chroniques des voies aériennes. On compte deux grands types d'altération de l'épuration mucociliaire. Le premier est lié aux caractéristiques du mucus, comme dans le cas de la mucoviscidose. Le deuxième est lié à des anomalies de l'ultrastructure du cil et /ou de son battement regroupées sous le terme de "ciliopathies"qui peuvent être soit innées soit acquises.Ce travail, qui s'inscrit dans le cadre clinique de la problématique des ciliopathies respiratoires et de leur prise en charge, a pour objectif de mieux caractériser, à partir des outils de la Biomécanique, les mécanismes du battement ciliaire (incluant une mesure de l'efficacité globale du battement des cils) et à transférer ces connaissances au profit de la clinique.Pour cela une méthodologie de caractérisation systématique de la mécanique ciliaire à partir de prélèvements biologiques issus de patients observés par vidéo-microscopie à haute vitesse a été développée parallèlement au développement d'un modèle numérique intégrant le couplage entre battement ciliaire et transport de fluide. Cette association entre expériences et modèle numérique a permis de proposer un nouvel index utilisable par les cliniciens pour caractériser l'efficacité du battement ciliaire. Cet index présente l'avantage de ne pas exiger de modification de la pratique clinique concernant la collecte de données biologique
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Characterization of ciliary beat mechanisms under normal and pathological mucociliary clearance
No full textL'épuration mucociliaire est la première ligne de défense de l'appareil respiratoire. L'altération de l'épuration mucociliaire se traduit par une stagnation et/ou une accumulation de mucus, conduisant potentiellement à des obstructions plus ou moins partielles et à des infections chroniques des voies aériennes. On compte deux grands types d'altération de l'épuration mucociliaire. Le premier est lié aux caractéristiques du mucus, comme dans le cas de la mucoviscidose. Le deuxième est lié à des anomalies de l'ultrastructure du cil et /ou de son battement regroupées sous le terme de "ciliopathies"qui peuvent être soit innées soit acquises.Ce travail, qui s'inscrit dans le cadre clinique de la problématique des ciliopathies respiratoires et de leur prise en charge, a pour objectif de mieux caractériser, à partir des outils de la Biomécanique, les mécanismes du battement ciliaire (incluant une mesure de l'efficacité globale du battement des cils) et à transférer ces connaissances au profit de la clinique.Pour cela une méthodologie de caractérisation systématique de la mécanique ciliaire à partir de prélèvements biologiques issus de patients observés par vidéo-microscopie à haute vitesse a été développée parallèlement au développement d'un modèle numérique intégrant le couplage entre battement ciliaire et transport de fluide. Cette association entre expériences et modèle numérique a permis de proposer un nouvel index utilisable par les cliniciens pour caractériser l'efficacité du battement ciliaire. Cet index présente l'avantage de ne pas exiger de modification de la pratique clinique concernant la collecte de données biologiquesMucociliary clearance is the first line of defense of the respiratory tract. Alteration of this clearance leads to a stagnation and/or accumulation of mucus, potentially resulting in more or less partially obstructions and in chronic infections of the airways. There are two main types of mucociliary clearance alterations. The first one is linked to the mucus characteristics, as in cystic fibrosis. The second one is connected to cilium ultrastructure abnormalities and/or ciliary beating defects encompassed by the term of "ciliopathies" which may be primary or acquired.This work, which takes place in the clinical issue of respiratory ciliopathies and their care, aims to better characterize, through biomechanics tools, the mechanisms of ciliary beating (including a measurement of the global efficiency of cilia) and to transfer these knowledges in favor of the clinical management.A methodology of systematic characterization of the ciliary mechanics, from biological samples derived from patients observed through high-speed video-microscopy analysis, has been developed as the same time as the development of a numerical model incorporating the coupling between ciliary beating and fluid motion. This association between experiments and numerical model allowed to propose a new index usable by the clinicians to characterize the ciliary beating efficiency. This index has the advantage of not requiring a modification of the clinical practice of biological data collectio
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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