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Condizioni di deafferentazione ambientale e di esposizione tossica come causa di alterazioni del neurosviluppo nella prima infanzia
Full text linkChild Neglect, Chemical Abuse e Depressione Perinatale rappresentano forme gravi di deafferentazione e tossicità ambientale per il neurosviluppo del bambino in età precoce e rappresentano un problema di salute pubblica. Molti sono i fattori di rischio in comune.
La letteratura sugli esiti strutturali e funzionali del Child Neglect e del Chemical Abuse nella fascia 0-3 è scarsa e i programmi di prevenzione della Depressione Perinatale non sempre efficaci.
Obiettivo offrire un contributo allo studio dell’impatto di condizioni precoci di deafferentazione e tossicità ambientale sul neurosviluppo, sia in termini strutturali che funzionali, in bambini di 0-3 anni.
Materiali e Metodi:
1, 2: studi osservazionali trasversali retrospettivi multifonte a partire da un totale di 54 bambini con Neglect 0-3 anni e 79 bambini Chemical Abuse di età 0-3 anni, afferiti al Centro Regionale per la Diagnostica del Bambino Maltrattato dell’AO Padova dal 2008-2022. Valutazione delle RMN e delle GMDS e dei fattori di rischio familiari tramite analisi descrittive univariate, bivariate, multivariate, delle corrispondenze multiple e Step-wise.
3: valutazione dell’efficacia del programma di screening per la Depressione Perinatale (EPDS+Qfr), su tutto il territorio della Regione Veneto. Analisi descrittive e multivariate: andamento dello screening (Gennaio-Giugno 2021); verifica esiti di malattia: rintracciare le donne nei flussi correnti 1 anno postparto; Sensitivity Analysis per la validità dello strumento combinato.
Risultati:
1. 54 bambini, 0-3 anni, Neglect: alterazioni strutturali (Corpo Calloso, esiti gliotici, >Virchow-Robin) e funzionali (GMDS); danni correlati anche a nuclei familiari multiproblematici. Gli esiti strutturali e morfologici si rendono maggiormente visibili dopo i 18 mesi. Prima dei 18 mesi la gravità del danno strutturale è predetta da diagnosi di SBS e Neglect nutrizionale. La gravità del danno al CC viene predetta dalla bassa scolarità del nucleo e dal ritardo di Performance alle GMDS. Esito deafferentazione.
2. 79 bambini, 0-3 anni, Chemical Abuse: alterazioni strutturali (>Virchow-Robin, esiti gliotici), e funzionali, ritardo psicomotorio grave. La gravità del danno strutturale viene predetta dall’età del bambino. Esclusa l’età, livelli, quantità di concentrazione di sostanze e farmaci. Esito microvascolare.
3. 10.258 screening/13.442 parti (Gennaio-Giugno 2021), aderenza punti nascita 76.3%. 6% alto rischio, 6.5% medio, 87.5% basso. 2.8% donne sottoposte a screening patologiche (in carico entro 1 mese di vita del neonato). Sensitivity Analysis/ROC: EPDS+Qfr più efficace.
Conclusioni: Il Child Neglect, il Chemical Abuse e la Depressione Perinatale rappresentano un problema di sanità pubblica nella Regione Veneto, di alta prevalenza e incidenza. Il Child Neglect e il Chemical Abuse precoci compromettono significativamente il neurosviluppo di bambini di 0-3 anni, con danno strutturale e funzionale. Le famiglie presentano elementi di mutiproblematicità, compresi disturbi depressivi in epoca perinatale. Interventi di screening sulla Depressione Perinatale permettono di individuare precocemente contesti di potenziale deafferentazione e tossicità per il neurosviluppo del bambino e di programmare efficaci percorsi, di cura per le mamme e di prevenzione per i bambini.Abstract
Background
Among deafferentation and environmental toxicity, the most severe forms are represented by Child Neglect, Chemical Abuse and Perinatal Depression.
These forms of child maltreatment share common risk factors.
International literature about structural and functional outcomes of Child Neglect and Chemical Abuse in the 0-3 age group is still lacking and perinatal depression’s prevention and treatment programs are not always existing or effective worldwide.
Aim: to study the impact on neurodevelopment of early deafferentation and environmental toxicity, both in structural and functional terms, in children aged 0-3 years.
Materials and Methods
1,2: multisource retrospective cross-sectional observational studies starting from a total of 54 children aged 0-3 years with a diagnosis of Neglect and 79 children aged 0-3 years with a diagnosis of Chemical Abuse, reffered to Padua University Teaching Hospital, Child Abuse and Neglect Crisi Unit, from 2008 to September 2022.
Evaluation MRI and GMDS-ER 0-8 and risk factors through Univariate, bivariate, multivariate, multiple correspondence analysis, and step-wise analysis were performed.
3: evaluation of the effectiveness of the screening program for Perinatal Depression (EPDS+Qfr) above all area of Veneto Region. Descriptive analisis multivariate: (January-June 2021).
To verify the disease outcomes: women were tracked in the main regional current statistics up to 1 year after delivery. Sensitivity Analysis to verify the validity of the combined screening tool.
Results
Section I. The 54 children aged 0-3 diagnosed with Neglect showed severe structural (especially in the corpus callosum, gliosis and enlarged Virchow-Robin perivascular spaces) and functional alterations, with serious delays in each psychomotor development area, above all in the Language and Performance scale. The structural and morphological results become more visible after 18 months of age. before 18 months the severity of structural damage on MRI is also predicted by a diagnosis of Shaken Baby Syndrome and nutritional neglect. The severity of injury to the corpus callosum is predicted by low nucleus education and the severity.
Section II. The 79 children aged 0-3 diagnosed with Chemical Abuse showed severe structural (above all increased Virchow-Robin perivascular spaces and gliotic outcomes) and functional alterations, with serious delays in every area of psychomotor development, especially the scale Personal-social and Performance. The severity of structural damage on MRI is positively predicted by the child's age. Excluding age, the concentration levels of substances, poly-substances and cocktails of drugs.
Section III. 10,258 screenings were performed out of 13,442 births that took place between January and June 2021, with a response rate of 76.3% of the birth wards of the Region. 2.8% of the women screened turned out to be pathological; Through the Sensitivity Analysis, from the comparison of the ROC curves, the combined screening tool (EPDS + Questionnaire on risk factors) turned out to be more effective than the use of the EPDS
Conclusions
Child Neglect, Chemical Abuse and Perinatal Depression represent a public health problem in Veneto Region, with a high prevalence and incidence. The families involved show multiple problems, including depressive disorders in the perinatal period. Screening interventions on perinatal depression could possibly precociously identify potential “toxic&deprivating” contexts able to impair child neurodevelopment and consequntly plan and implement effective treatment programs for mothers and prevention intiatives for children
Dignum laude virum. Studi di cultura classica e musica offerti a Franco Serpa
Full text linkMiscellanea di studi di filologia letteratura classica e music
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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