1,720,963 research outputs found
NESSUNO SI SALVA DA SOLO: IDENTIFICAZIONE NAZIONALE ED EUROPEA COME PREDITTORI DELLE ASPETTATIVE PER IL FUTURO E DEL BISOGNO DI UN LEADER FORTE DURANTE L'EMERGENZA COVID-19
No full textStudi condotti nell’ambito della SIT mostrano che l’identificazione con i gruppi di appartenenza, soprattutto in situazioni di emergenza, porta gli individui a comportarsi in modo altruistico, a perseguire il bene comune, oltre ad aumentare la fiducia verso gli altri membri e i leader. Al contrario, i sentimenti di insicurezza rappresentano un terreno fertile per il desiderio di leader forti e per il proliferare di teorie del complotto.
Presentiamo due studi che hanno verificato se l’identità sociale a diversi livelli di inclusività (i.e., identificazione con l’Italia e con l'Unione Europea) svolga un ruolo positivo nell’affrontare la pandemia da COVID-19. In particolare, ci aspettiamo che alti livelli di identificazione sociale portino ad aspettative positive per il futuro e a una minore necessità di un leader forte, che invece dovrebbe essere positivamente associata alla fiducia nelle teorie del complotto.
I dati sono stati raccolti attraverso un questionario online durante il picco dell'epidemia (aprile 2020; Studio 1; N=846) e la cosiddetta Fase 2 (giugno 2020; Studio 2, N=363). Oltre alle scale di identificazione (nazionale ed europea), di fiducia verso le istituzioni, di aspettative verso il futuro (Studio 1), di necessità di un leader forte e di supporto alle teorie del complotto (Studio 2), è stato considerato il ruolo dell'orientamento politico e dell'esperienza personale con il Coronavirus.
I risultati del SEM mostrano un'associazione positiva tra identificazioni e aspettative per il futuro, mediata dalla fiducia nelle istituzioni (Studio 1). L'identificazione europea porta ad una minor necessità di un leader forte, che a sua volta è positivamente correlata alla tendenza a credere alle teorie del complotto (Studio 2).
In conclusione, i processi di identificazione sociale, soprattutto con l’Europa, possono aiutare le persone ad affrontare la pandemia. Promuovere un'identità europea potrebbe rappresentare uno strumento utile per aiutare le persone a fronteggiare la crisi presente e persino futura
Do we need a strong captain to navigate the COVID-19 pandemic? Social identification, conspiracy theory beliefs, and the wish for a strong leader
Full text linkAdaptive Coping Strategies at the Time of COVID-19: The Role of Social and General Trust
Full text linkResearch in the field shows the crucial role of trust in the functioning of many aspects of social life, especially when dealing with emergencies. We report the results of a study (N = 883) carried out in Italy during the first phase of the COVID-19 crisis to assess whether and how social trust (i.e., trust in those who have the authority and responsibility for making decisions, such as the Italian government, the regional government, the Civil Protection, the European Union, the Catholic Church, and the scientific community) and general trust (i.e., trust in the trustworthiness of other individuals, such as Italians and humankind) are associated with the employment of coping strategies in dealing with the challenges of the pandemic. Overall, the results highlight that trust in different authorities and institutions and trust in other human beings are positively associated with the adoption of adaptive coping strategies such as seeking social support, positive reinterpretation and growth, problem-solving orientation, and transcendent orientation. In contrast, they are negatively related to the adoption of maladaptive coping strategies such as avoidance. These findings point out the benefits of various types of trust in helping individuals deal with crises, such as the COVID-19 pandemic
So Far, So Close: Identification with Proximal and Distal Groups as a Resource in Dealing with the COVID-19 Pandemic
Full text linkA robust body of research has highlighted the fundamental role of social identifications in dealing with emergencies and in predicting commitment behaviors. We report the results of two studies carried out in Italy to assess whether the subjective sense of belonging to meaningful proximal and distal social groups affected people’s ability to cope with the pandemic crisis. Study 1 (N = 846) shows that different identifications with proximal (i.e., family and friends) and distal social groups (i.e., nation, European, and humankind) may act as buffers for individuals by reducing negative emotions and negative expectations about the future after COVID-19 and by increasing people’s intentions to adhere to containment measures and to be involved in prosocial actions. Study 2 (N = 350) highlights the role of European identification in predicting propensities for using the tracing app and getting vaccinated. These results confirm the benefits of various types of identification (proximal vs. distant) in helping individuals deal with the COVID-19 pandemic
No one is saved alone: National and European identification as predictors of positive future expectations and lower need for a strong leader during COVID-19 pandemic
No full textPurpose: The research examined whether group identities at different levels of inclusiveness – i.e., identifications with one’s country and the European Union – are related to responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. We expected that stronger identifications would lead to positive future expectations and lower need for a strong leader, which should instead be positively associated to belief in COVID-19 conspiracy theories.
Background: According to the social identity approach, identifying with the groups to which one belongs brings a number of benefits for individuals and increases mutual trust. Conversely, feelings of insecurity might be a breeding ground for beliefs in conspiracy theories and result in a wish for strong authorities.
Methods: Data were collected online during the peak of the Italian Coronavirus outbreak (April 2020; Study 1; N = 846) and the so-called Phase 2 (June 2020; Study 2, N = 363). The role of demographics, political orientation and personal experience with the Coronavirus were considered.
Results. Results of SEM showed a positive association between identifications and expectations for the future, mediated by trust in institutions (Study 1). European identification predicted lower need for strong leader, which was positively related to belief in conspiracy theories (Study 2).
Conclusions. This research highlights how social identification processes – especially identification with the EU – can help individuals deal with the pandemic. Clearly promoting a sense of interdependence and a European identity might represent an advisable endeavour in helping people cope with the present and even future crisis
SO FAR, SO CLOSE: IDENTIFICATION WITH PROXIMAL AND DISTAL GROUPS AS PROMOTORS OF VACCINATION, CONTAINMENT MEASURES AND PRO-SOCIAL BEHAVIORS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
No full textA robust body of research highlighted the fundamental role of social identification in dealing with emergencies and in predicting commitment in cooperative behavior. We report the results of a research carried out during April and June 2020 to verify whether the subjective sense of belonging to meaningful groups affected the way people were able to cope with the pandemic crisis. Our findings showed that different identifications (with family, friends, Italy, Europe, humanity) represent a benefit for the collectiveness by leading people to increase their intention of being vaccinated, to adhere to containment measures (keeping physical distancing, rubbing hands with alcohol-based sanitizers, wearing face mask), and to be involved in prosocial actions (helping the elderly in needs). Moreover, social identifications promote individuals’ psychological well-being by reducing their negative emotions and the perception of the negative impact of the pandemic on their lives. The implication of different types of identification (proximal vs distant) on the intention to get vaccinated, to accept containment measures and to help others will be discussed
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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