1,720,953 research outputs found
The prevalence and changes in postural abnormalities during the course of adolescence amongst a selected group of black children : the PAHL-study
Full text linkMA (Biokinetics), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2016Evidence exists that during growth and development in children and adolescents’ various postural disorders may occur, especially in school-age children. Research regarding the changes in posture during the course of adolescents, especially in black children is, however, limited. Improper postures adopted by children and adolescents at home and at school cause body musculature imbalances that result in postural deviations that may last throughout adulthood.
Modern lifestyle and the convenience of technology can be seen as a predictor of poor posture and postural adaptations in children, but most black South African children in rural areas do not have access to computers and electronic devices. These children usually have to travel long distances carrying school back by foot and their food intake is mostly unbalanced and inadequate, which may result in poor posture over time. Boys and girls do not go through similar postural changes during adolescence and therefore gender differences that exist in the postural stability and development of children should be taken into consideration. It is important for educators, parents, and healthcare individuals to understand normal growth patterns and be aware of significant changes in a child’s posture during normal growth and development in order to identify postural deviations.
The aim of this study was therefore to determine the prevalence and changes of postural deformities during the course of adolescence amongst a selected group of black boys and girls in the Potchefstroom area of the North West Province, South Africa. A total of 100 African adolescents, aged 14 years in 2010 and 18 years in 2014, who were part of Physical Activity and Health Longitudinal Study (PAHLS), were participants in this current longitudinal study. Participants underwent measurements of stature and body mass, as well as the New-York Posture Test based on 13 categories of postural deformities. Each test item was scored on a 5-3-1 basis and the score of each item was based on the criteria and drawings located on the score sheet with: 5 = correct or normal posture; 3 = slight deviation or slightly abnormal; 1 = pronounced deviation or abnormal. The Adam’s Test (forward bending test) was used to evaluate further for scoliosis. Additionally, an inkpad (The Harris Mat Impression system, Step Forward Foot Correctors®) was used to obtain a walking footprint of each participant.
The results show that in all 13 variables of postures, the prevalence of abnormal ranged from 0-35%, and slightly abnormal ranged from 16-73% for the total group across the measured points. The observed findings for the total group in the present study showed a high prevalence for forward head, forward shoulders, hip sway, lordosis and uneven shoulders in the abnormal and slightly abnormal category in 2014. Out of the 13 posture variables, boys showed more abnormal posture (forward head, p≤0.001; forward shoulders, p≤0.001 kyphosis, p=0.007 and hip sway, p=0.048) than the girls who were presented with three categories of significant changes in abnormal posture (forward head, p≤0.001; uneven shoulders, p=0.049 and lordosis, p=0.004) over a period of study.
This study showed alarming results with regard to poor posture and postural deviations during adolescence. Implementing intervention programmes in schools to address these postural deviations at an early stage should be encouraged.Master
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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