1,720,954 research outputs found
The impact of the underground economy on the economic development of the world states
Get PDFBOSTAN, Nelea. Impactul economiei subterane asupra dezvoltării economice a statelor lumii = The impact of the underground economy on the economic development of the world states. În: Simpozion Ştiinţific Internaţional al Tinerilor Cercetători (16-17 aprilie 2021) [online]: Lucrări ştiinţifice. Ediţia a 19-a. Chişinău: ASEM, 2021, vol. 3, pp. 69-72. ISBN 978-9975-155-43-4.The underground economy is a reality of life around the world and its emergence coincides with the emergence of the state and the imposition of rules. In 2011, R. Neuwirth estimated that the shadow economy was worth 10 trillion US dollars, employing about 1.8 billion people. In fact, if this economy were a state, it would be the second largest economy in the world, after the United States. ACCA predicts that this type of economy will decline globally by 2025, from 23% of global GDP in 2011 to about 21% in 2025. The average size of the hidden economy in each country today varies from 7.8% of GDP in the US at 67% in Azerbaijan. The underground economy negatively affects the fiscal health of a state. There are various theories that argue that if governments were able to control the manifestations of the hidden economy, many public sector tax problems, such as public debt, for example, could be reduced. Countries with a significant underground economy may face rising poverty, inequality and poor public services in the future. For this reason, the structures that monitor the situation of the underground economy need to exercise their activity as well as possible. JEL: F16, F17, O17
Comerțul internațional cu arme și muniții. Provocări și amenințări
Get PDFGHERLAC, Tatiana, BOSTAN, Nelea. International trade in arms and ammunition. Challenges and threats = Comerțul internațional cu arme și muniții. Provocări și amenințări. Coord. șt.: DODU-GUGEA, Larisa. In: Simpozion Ştiinţific al Tinerilor Cercetători, (8-9 aprilie 2022) [online]: Culegere de lucrări ştiinţifice. Ediţia a 20-a. Chişinău: ASEM, 2022, vol. 1, pp. 74-78. ISBN 978-9975-3590-2-3 (PDF).The arms trade is among the most profitable businesses in the world, with predictable growth year on year. International major arms shipments declined slightly between 2012–16 and 2017–21, but increased by 19% in Europe. The arms trade becomes trafficking in arms when transactions are made in violation of existing arms laws. According to the global organized crime index, the global arms trafficking score is 4.92 (out of 10). Libya has the highest score of arms and ammunition trafficking in the world (9.50), and the last place in the report is occupied by Tuvalu and Nauru (score 1.00). Also, in connection with the current war in Ukraine, which is overwhelmed by donations from all the states of the world, it does not have the means to prevent the diversion of weapons in the existing illegality of the arms trade. CZU: [339.5:623.4]:339.194(100); JEL: L64, O17, F18, F14, P33, Q27; DOI: https://doi.org/10.53486/9789975359023.1
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
- …
