1,720,960 research outputs found
Edge processing in IoT using approximate and in-memory computing
No full textWith a large number of sensors getting connected to the internet, scalability of
Internet of Things (IoT) has started to hinge on Edge computing-the ability to
partly process the raw data at the sensor on the edge of the network instead of
transmitting all data to the cloud. However, sensor nodes are typically highly
power-constrained due to the limited battery and also requires a long lifetime due
to difficulties in replacing nodes in many applications. Hence, this thesis focuses
on using different circuit and algorithmic techniques in particular approximate
computing, near and in-memory computing (IMC), dynamic voltage and frequency
scaling (DVFS) to reduce the energy consumption of edge devices in the Internet
of Things.
As a first example, we choose predictive maintenance (PdM), one of the most important
applications pertaining to IoT in Industry 4.0. Machine learning is used
to predict the failure of a machine before the actual event occurs. However, the
main challenges in PdM are (a) lack of enough data from failing machines to train
binary classifi ers, and (b) paucity of power and bandwidth to transmit sensor data
to cloud throughout the lifetime of the machine. In our work, we propose an
anomaly detection scheme that can be trained only using healthy machine data.
Our Anomaly Detection based Power Saving (ADEPOS) scheme is aimed at saving
energy by using approximate computing through the lifetime of the machine. At
the beginning of the machine's life, low accuracy computations are used when the
probability of the machine being healthy is high. However, on the detection of
anomalies, as time progresses, the anomaly detector is switched to higher accuracy
modes. Reduction in computation accuracy may be achieved in many ways,
such as reducing the number of neurons, reducing the bit width of data, dynamic
voltage frequency scaling, etc. Tested on the NASA bearing dataset, ADEPOS
demonstrates up to 8.8x reduction of neurons on average over the lifetime of bearings.
This resulted in 8.95x energy saving for microprocessor implementation and
~18.8x energy saving in an ASIC implementation, both in 65nm CMOS.
The second part of this research explores the near and in-memory computing (IMC)
to reduce the data movement between the storage and processing elements for video
processing in the application of traffic surveillance. Generally, image frames from a
camera undergo image denoising, region proposal, object classi cation, and object
tracking steps for traffic surveillance and monitoring. However, a realization of this
data-intensive computing following traditional von Neumann architecture involves
a higher energy dissipation and more substantial execution time due to the enormous
data movement between computing and storage units. Further, for stationary
cameras, there exists signi cant temporal redundancy which can be exploited by
event-driven or neuromorphic vision sensors (NVS) that report data only when
there is activity in the scene. However, due to the presence of noise, NVS pixels report
events even in the absence of actual activity. In this dissertation, a 6T-SRAM
in-memory computing based image denoising for event-based binary image (EBBI)
frame from a neuromorphic vision sensor (NVS) is presented. We suggest a nonoverlap
median lter (NOMF), an approximation of a traditional median lter for
image denoising. The NOMF enables us to implement image denoising leveraging
the inherent read disturb phenomenon of the 6T-SRAM. Besides, detecting zero
frames is easily done by IMC techniques tracking bit line voltage during ltering
operation and this can be used now to shut off the rest of the processor for ~2x
energy bene ts in urban traffic settings. Fabricated in 65nm CMOS, this chip
produces denoised frames with an energy efficiency of 51.3 TOPS/W and a peak
throughput of 134.4 GOPS at 70MHz.
As a next step, we propose a 9T-SRAM near and in-memory computing based
region proposal network for the event-based binary image frame to exploit spatial
redundancy in the valid frames. The region proposal network nds out the bounding
box encapsulating of an object which reduces the computation of an object
recognition deep neural network (DNN) by con ning the computing region surrounding
the object instead of the whole image frame. The proposed 9T-SRAM
cell enables a 1-D projection of objects on the horizontal and vertical axes of an
image. An iterative and selective search of the rising and falling edges of 1-D
projection yields the coordinates of a bounding box encapsulating an object. Simulated
in 65nm CMOS, this chip produces up to 16 region proposals per frame
and achieves ~682x energy savings compared to the digitally implemented connected
component labeling (CCL) algorithm and throughput of 1.17 frames/usec
at 200MHz.
In summary, we presented a set of algorithms and hardware solutions for energy
efficient edge computing that use approximate and in-memory compute techniques.
We have demonstrated the results in two different applications of predictive maintenance
and traffic monitoring.Doctor of Philosoph
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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