42 research outputs found
Plasma zinc antioxidant vitamins, glutathione levels and total antioxidant activity in oral leukoplakia
No full textBackground: Leukoplakia is a common, potentially premalignant lesion with malignant transformation rate from 1 to 17% with highest transformation rate for the lesions on the floor of the mouth, soft palate and tongue. One of the main etiological factors is consuming areca nut and its commercial preparations which generate high levels of reactive oxygen species during their metabolism. So the aim of this present study is to evaluate the plasma levels of antioxidant vitamins, antioxidant mineral zinc, glutathione and total antioxidant status (TAS) in leukoplakia patients.
Materials and Methods: For this cross-sectional study, we selected 23 newly diagnosed oral leukoplakia patients of both sexes within the age group 28-40 years and the same number of age and sex matched healthy individuals without having history of any systemic illness were selected as control group. In both the groups, we measured plasma antioxidant vitamins A, C, E, antioxidant mineral zinc, GSH and TAS. Student′s t test was applied and the P value <0.001 was considered as statistically significant.
Results: We observed very low levels of antioxidant vitamins A, C, E, antioxidant mineral zinc and antioxidant metabolite GSH (P<0.001) and at the same time we also observed very poor (TAS) (P<0.001) in leukoplakia patients when compared to patients in control group.
Conclusion: The consumption of tobacco or areca quid which contains high copper levels creates an oxidative stress like environment during their metabolism, might play a major role in causation and propagation of oral leukoplakia
Is serum retinol binding protein-4: A predictor for diabetes in genetically high risk population?
No full textBackground: Retinol binding protein-4 (BP-4) a new adipocytokine, specifically binds to retinol, through experimental studies, reported its link between obesity and insulin resistance (IR). But till date no studies are available on influence of genetic predisposition of diabetes on RBP-4 expression. Hence, we aimed to study the influence of genetic predisposition of diabetes on the serum RBP-4 and its role in development of IR and diabetes in genetically high risk population. Materials and Methods: Healthy non diabetic individuals (age 18 to 22) were grouped into Group I: Control (n = 81), whose parents are non diabetic, non hypertensive and does not have any family history of coronary heart diseases. Group II: (n = 157) with one of their parents diabetic and Group III: (n = 47) with both parents diabetic. In all the participants, we estimated fasting serum RBP-4, insulin and glucose. Homeostasis model for assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and homeostasis model for assessment-beta cell dysfunction (HOMA-B) were calculated from fasting serum insulin and glucose levels. Results: In this study, we observed significantly higher RBP-4 levels 12.71 2.3 in Group-II and 13.25 2 in Group-III, respectively when compared to Group-I 11.4 1.8 (P < 0.01). RBP-4 showed a significantly strong positive correlation with plasma insulin, glucose and HOMA-IR in genetically high risk population (group II and III) P < 0.01. Linear regression analysis revealed a strong positive association of RBP-4 with parental diabetes even after adjusting for BMI, age and sex (OR 1.53, 95% CI 1.089-1.40). Conclusion: Higher serum RBP-4 and its positive correlation with Insulin, glucose, and HOMA-IR in healthy non diabetic participants of genetically high risk population, indicating its role as predictor for the onset of diabetes in coming future
DEVELOPMENT OF MICROEMULSION BASED INTRANASAL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM FOR AN ANTI-PSYCHOTIC DRUG
No full text<p><i>Purpose: The present study was intended to develop lurasidone micro emulsion for intranasal delivery in the treatment of psychosis. </i></p><p><i>Methods: Sesame oil, tween-20(surfactant) and plurol oleique(co-surfactant) were selected based on the solubility of lurasidone. Pseudo ternary phase diagram was constructed to know the surfactant: co surfactant ratio which can form microemulsion. The prepared micro emulsion was characterized for FTIR, thermodynamic stability, droplet size and zeta potential, drug content, in-vitro diffusion study, stability study and release kinetics. </i></p><p><i>Results & Conclusion: The ratio of surfactant to co surfactant 1:2 and 1:3 were selected from the pseudo ternary phase diagrams. Among all the formulations LA1 showed higher diffusion rate (99.11%) with a particle size of 3.957µm and zeta potential above 50mv. The optimised formulation was stable for a period of 3 months. Thus Lurasidone intranasal micro emulsion was developed which improved solubility and hence in-vitro diffusion of the drug. </i></p><p><i><strong>KEY WORDS: </strong>Micro emulsion, intranasal drug delivery, pseudo ternary phase diagram, zeta potential. </i></p>
A Comprehensive Outline of the Gulf Nations\u27 Cosmetics Review and Approval Process: GSO Standards
No full textThe GCC is an economic and political union of six countries: Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the UAE. The council\u27s main office is in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. To ensure that cosmetic products are safe, the Gulf Cooperation Council Standardization Organization (GSO) recently recommended GSO 1943: 2015, "Safe Cosmetics and Personal Care Products." The GCC Standardization Organization, a comparable agency, can develop standards that apply to everybody. The product must have entire pork and detachable flesh, be devoid of any unclean or rotting construction, and be safe for human and environmental health. Cosmetics are tightly controlled in GCC nations, following EU guidelines. Before items are utilized by customers, they must be registered and meet all safety criteria. This has led to the formation of GCC cosmetic standards. The Gulf Cooperation Council cosmetics legislation closely follows the EU Cosmetics Regulation 1223/2009. However, it has some of its own criteria when it comes to processes, ingredients, labelling and claims
MICROSPONGES – A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW: SUCCESS AND CHALLENGES
No full textMicrosponges are polymeric delivery systems composed of porous microspheres. They are tiny sponge-like spherical particles with a large porous surface. Moreover, they may enhance stability, reduce side effects and modify drug release favorably. Microsponge is current novel technique for control release and target specific drug delivery system. Microsponge technology has been introduced in topical drug products to facilitate the controlled active drug release into the skin in order to decrease the systemic exposure and minimize local cutaneous reactions to active drugs. This review focus on a microsponge’s delivery system discussing the preparation methods, evaluation methods, mechanism of drug release and Physical characterization of microsponges. Microsponge delivery system technology is being used at present in skin care, sunscreens, cosmetics, over-the-counter (OTC) and prescription products. One of the most excellent features of the microsponge is it is self-sterilizing
Influence of Resin Viscosity on Physical Properties of a Composite Shell Wound on a Low Density Material Mandrel
No full textThis study is made to improve the structural performance of composite shells/ vessels meant for aerospace vehicles. The effect of resin viscosity on the physical properties of carbon/ epoxy composite shell wound on polyurethane (PU) foam-based mandrel is studied and presented in this paper. Cylindrical shells were manufactured through the filament winding process at different resin viscosities. The physical properties of the composite shell are found to be improved significantly with a reduction in resin viscosity. Resin pick-up in impregnated fibers is found to be lower by 4.5 %, whereas mass and thickness of the shells are recorded to be lower by 3 % and 5.4 % respectively at resin viscosity range of 600 -760 mPa.s compared to the viscosity range of 1380 – 2080 mPa.s. Fiber volume fraction and density of composite shell are found to be higher by 6.3 % and 2.8 % at the same resin viscosity range. This trend reverses/stabilizes after further heating and corresponding lowered resin viscosity. Experiment and their result indicate an optimal viscosity range of 600 – 760 mPa.s. for filament winding of efficient carbon/ epoxy composite shel
System Reliability Estimation of Divert Attitude Control System of a Launch Vehicle using Bayesian Networks
No full textDivert attitude and control system (DACS) is a one-shot system and provides attitude correction and translation of the Launch vehicle. DACS consists of many flight critical sub systems which are arranged in a series configuration. The traditional Reliability block diagram and Fault tree diagram methods are unsuitable for reliability modelling, when considering uncertainty among the components and system. Bayesian network is the natural choice to model dependencies among the components and system. DACS being one shot system, it is very expensive and time consuming to test more number of systems during the design and development. Hence the data is drawn from component level, subsystem level and expert opinion is used for reliability estimation. In this paper, Bayesian network modelling of DAC system was carried out for estimating the reliability using multi-level data. An algorithm is developed for computation of Conditional probabilities in Bayesian network. Posterior probability distribution of components is calculated using Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulations and results are compared with Junction tree based exact inference algorithm. MATLAB code is developed to estimate the reliability of DAC system
Multipion Bose-Einstein correlations in pp, p–Pb, and Pb–Pb collisions at the LHC
No full textThree- and four-pion Bose-Einstein correlations are presented in pp, p-Pb, and Pb-Pb collisions at the LHC. We compare our measured four-pion correlations to the expectation derived from two- and three-pion measurements. Such a comparison provides a method to search for coherent pion emission. We also present mixed-charge correlations in order to demonstrate the effectiveness of several analysis procedures such as Coulomb corrections. Same-charge four-pion correlations in pp and p-Pb appear consistent with the expectations from three-pion measurements. However, the presence of non-negligible background correlations in both systems prevent a conclusive statement. In Pb-Pb collisions, we observe a significant suppression of three- and four-pion Bose-Einstein correlations compared to expectations from two-pion measurements. There appears to be no centrality dependence of the suppression within the 0-50% centrality interval. The origin of the suppression is not clear. However, by postulating either coherent pion emission or large multibody Coulomb effects, the suppression may be explained
Evaluating Role of Mean Platelet Volume as a Measure of Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients
No full textBackground: Diabetes mellitus (DM) has become a worldwide epidemic. Platelet indices can be used to interpret the effects of hyperglycemia on platelet function (mean platelet volume-MPV, platelet distribution width and plateletcrit). These parameters are also valuable in determining the aetiology of DM as well as the risk of disease development. The mean platelet volume (MPV) is a measurement of platelet size and activity on average. Larger platelets are younger and more active. Aims and Objectives: To study the mean platelet volume to measure glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods and materials: Two hundred subjects were studied after dividing them into Cases (n=100; subjects with T2DM) and Control (n=100 subjects without T2DM) at the Department of Medicine, Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Medical College, and Hospital, Jabalpur (MP) from January 2018 to August 2019. Complete blood counts, random blood sugar (RBS), fasting blood sugar (FBS) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), was estimated and recorded. People with diabetes with good glycemic control (patients with HbA1c<7%) called Group A and diabetic patients with poor glycemic control (HbA1c≥7%) called Group B. The MPV in each group was compared. MPV, FBS, and post prandial blood sugar (PPBS) were compared between cases and control. Results: Age and gender distribution were similar between both the groups (p>0.05). A strong positive correlation between HbA1c levels and MPV levels (r= 0.65; p<0.0001). For every 1% increase in HbA1c level, there is a 2.28 fl increase in MPV among the study subjects. A positive correlation was obtained between RBS levels and MPV levels (r=0.42, p< 0.0001). For every 100mg/dl increase in RBS, there is a 2.96 fl increase in MPV among the study subjects. Conclusion: MPV was greater in patients with poor glycemic control compared to those with good glycemic control. Hence, MPV can be used as a simple measure to assess the glycemic control in T2DM patients
