1,721,224 research outputs found
Lattice symmetry relaxation as a cause for anisotropic line broadening and peak shift in powder diffraction
Full text linkIn powder diffraction, lattice symmetry relaxation causes a peak to split into several components which are not resolved if the degree of desymmetrization is small (pseudosymmetry). Here the equations which rule peak splitting are elaborated for the six minimal symmetry transitions, showing that the resulting split peaks are generally broader and asymmetric, and suffer an hkl-dependent displacement with respect to the high-symmetry parent peak. These results will be of help in Rietveld refinement of pseudosymmetric structures where an exact interpretation of peak deformation is required
Difficile Congiuntura per il Settore Avicolo Italiano
No full textI consumi nazionali negli ultimi 5 anni denotano un trend medio annuo negativo (-0,7%). I prezzi bassi per quasi tutto il 2002 sembrano in risalita per il 2003. Serve ripensare al sistema produttivo che non può sostenere la concorrenza basandosi solo sulla riduzione dei cost
Cryptomelane nanocrystals: Pseudosymmetry causes anisotropic peak broadening in Rietveld refinement
Full text linkCryptomelane (□2-xKx)[Mn8O16] is an octahedral molecular sieve with the hollandite framework, a strongly correlated electron system with tunnel structure. Rietveld refinement using powder X-ray diffraction patterns of a nanocrystalline sample was undertaken to assess both structural and morphological details which might be tuned for specific applications. The distribution of peak widths was highly anisotropic but successful refinement of the tetragonal structure could be achieved assuming both grain shape and microstrain anisotropy. The microstrain hypothesis appeared flawed from high uncertainties and correlations and was in conflict with the negative slope of a Williamson-Hall plot. As an alternative, lattice desymmetrization from tetragonal to monoclinic was considered. Comparison of calculated and observed hkl dependence of line broadening confirmed that the pseudosymmetry hypothesis was more appropriate, improving results for both structure and particle shape. This is the first time that lattice desymmetrization was used to explain anisotropic diffraction line broadening, a major issue in nanomaterials where peaks are intrinsically broad and the new model helps to abate correlations which afflict Rietveld refinement in these systems
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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