1,721,232 research outputs found
Update on the epidemiology, risk factors, and disease outcomes of systemic lupus erythematosus
No full textObtaining an updated view of the epidemiology, risk factors, and prognosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is pivotal to our understanding of the disease burden. Recent community-based studies with comprehensive methodology provided more accurate disease occurrence estimates and suggested that SLE may be more frequent than previously thought. Gender, race, and socioeconomic status are important disease determinants, and there is increasing appreciation of the contribution of family history and environmental exposures in SLE susceptibility. Owing to its systemic nature, assessment of disease activity is challenging, also pertaining to efforts to improve trial endpoints for better discrimination between active drug and placebo. Notably, emerging evidence supports that remission or low disease activity states and prevention of flares are realistic targets in the management of SLE associated with improved prognosis. For the future, we anticipate that high-throughput analyses in patient cohorts will enhance the identification of robust biomarkers for diagnosis, risk stratification, and personalized treatment
INCREASED URINARY LEVEL OF NEUTROPHIL GELATINASE-ASSOCIATED LIPOCALIN (NGAL) IN PATIENTS WITH CIRRHOSIS AND TYPE 1 HRS
No full textGoing Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Relationships between minor neuropsychiatric events and systemic lupus erythematosus: Performance of an attribution model
No full textIntroduction: Neuropsychiatric (NP) involvement in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) presents with a variety of neurologic and psychiatric syndromes. Their relationship with the underlying disease could be difficult to assess especially for mild, diffuse and nonspecific NP syndromes such as, headache, mild depression and anxiety. Aim: To test the performance of an attribution model applied to mild NP events in a large mono centric cohort of SLE patients. Patients and Methods: NP events were defined according to the 1999 ACR case definitions and re-assessed using a previously developed and validated attribution model, including a weighted score of 4 different items: 'onset time' of the NP event; presence of non-SLE 'confounding factors' (i.e. associations as suggested by the 1999 ACR criteria); presence of specific NP events according to Aniala; presence of 'favouring factors' (general and disease specific). Expert opinion was set as reference standard of the attribution of NP event to SLE. The relationship between the attribution model and the reference diagnosis was evaluated by logistic models, and results presented as odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI), and standardised coefficients. Performance was evaluated by the Area Under the ROC Curve (AUC). Results: A total of 126 patients with a diagnosis of SLE according to the revised ACR classification criteria with one NP minor event (86 headache, 31 mild depression, 9 anxiety) were included: M/F 5/121 females, with a median age at first NP event of 38 years. The overall performance of the model was good (AUC 0.754 (0.675-0.832). The most important items for correct classification was the 'confounding factor' sub-score OR (95%CI)/stand. coeff. 15.86 (3.59-70.03)/1.27, with a lower contribution for 'onset time' 2.18 (1.22-3.92)/0.61, and 'additional factors' 2.71 (1.51-4.85)/0.75. Conclusion: Despite expert's opinion remains the gold standard, using an assignment algorithm may improve the correct attribution of minor NP events to SLE
EFFETTI TOSSICI DELL’ENROFLOXACINA SU DAPHNIA MAGNA, STUDIO CON DUE GENERAZIONI
No full textThe effects of enrofloxacin (EFX) on reproduction, survival and growth were evaluated in a two-generations study on Daphnia magna. In F0, lethality (EC50 9.78 mg L-1), even if less sensitive than the reproduction inhibition endpoint (EC50 6.49 mg L-1), was prevalent at high concentrations, preventing observation of the reproduction-inhibition plateau. Lowest LOEC for reproduction inhibition (3.13 mg L-1) was obtained in re-exposed F1. However, effects on reproduction (LOEC 6.25 mg L-1) were also observed in non-exposed F1 born to exposed F0, highlighting the reverberation of toxic effects of EFX along D. magna generations. Thus, It was concluded that multigenerational studies may detect otherwise unnoticed effects that could be relevant for the environmental equilibrium
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