1,721,269 research outputs found
Host and environmental factors influencing hepatitis B e antigen seroconversion in children
No full text
Natural history of chronic hepatitis B: special emphasis on disease progression and prognostic factors.
No full textThe natural history of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and disease is complex and highly variable. We review
the natural history of chronic hepatitis B with emphasis on the rates of disease progression and factors influencing the
course of the liver disease. Chronic hepatitis B is characterized by an early replicative phase (HBeAg positive chronic hepatitis)
and a late low or non-replication phase with HBeAg seroconversion and liver disease remission (inactive carrier
state). Most patients become inactive carriers after spontaneous HBeAg seroconversion with good prognosis, but progression
to HBeAg negative chronic hepatitis due to HBV variants not expressing HBeAg occurs at a rate of 1–3 per 100 person
years following HBeAg seroconversion. The incidence of cirrhosis appears to be about 2-fold higher in HBeAg negative
compared to HBeAg positive chronic hepatitis. In the cirrhotic patient the 5-year cumulative risk of developing hepatocellular
carcinoma is 17% in East Asia and 10% in the Western Europe and the United States and the 5-year liver related
death rate is 15% in Europe and 14% in East Asia. There is a growing understanding of viral, host and environmental
factors influencing disease progression, which ultimately could improve the management of chronic hepatitis B
Natural history of chronic hepatitis B: Special emphasis on disease progression and prognostic factors
No full textThe natural history of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and disease is complex and highly variable. We review the natural history of chronic hepatitis B with emphasis on the rates of disease progression and factors influencing the course of the liver disease. Chronic hepatitis B is characterized by an early replicative phase (HBeAg positive chronic hepatitis) and a late low or non-replication phase with HBeAg seroconversion and liver disease remission (inactive carrier state). Most patients become inactive carriers after spontaneous HBeAg seroconversion with good prognosis, but progression to HBeAg negative chronic hepatitis due to HBV variants not expressing HBeAg occurs at a rate of 1-3 per 100 person years following HBeAg seroconversion. The incidence of cirrhosis appears to be about 2-fold higher in HBeAg negative compared to HBeAg positive chronic hepatitis. In the cirrhotic patient the 5-year cumulative risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma is 17% in East Asia and 10% in the Western Europe and the United States and the 5-year liver related death rate is 15% in Europe and 14% in East Asia. There is a growing understanding of viral, host and environmental factors influencing disease progression, which ultimately could improve the management of chronic hepatitis B
Recent advances in the application of CE to forensic sciences, an update over years 2009-2011
No full textThe present article reviews and comments the applications of capillary electrophoresis in the different areas of forensic sciences covering the time from the second half of 2009 until the first part of 2011, being the latest update of previous reviews covering the years from 2001 to 2009. Numerous articles reporting applications of capillary electrophoresis to analytical problems of potential interest for the forensic researchers and scientists can be found in the most qualified journals of analytical chemistry, analytical biochemistry, pharmacology, toxicology, laboratory medicine, human genetics, etc. However, the present review has been focused on discussing only the most relevant examples of analytical applications of capillary electrophoretic and electrokinetic techniques published in the following fields: (i) illicit and abused drugs, (ii) ions and small molecules of forensic interest, (iii) proteins and peptides of forensic interest, (iv) dyes and inks, (v) forensic DNA. The present review collects and comments on 60 references. © 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim
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