38 research outputs found
Sarmatian Graves with Hiding-Holes in the Bottom of Pits in Kurgan Cemeteries of the Lower Volga Region
No full textIntroduction. The article discusses one of the types of hiding-holes that were made in Sarmatian graves of the Lower Volga region. Hiding-holes as a substantial element of a graves structure are typical for Sarmatian burials of the last century BC and the first centuries AD. They were built in the burial pit, as well as near it, as a rule, in the west soil. In the burial pit, these were usually made as niches in the bottom parts of the walls, though hiding-holes in the bottom of the graves are characteristic only for the Lower Volga region.
Methods and materials. There are not very many graves with hiding-holes in the Volga Region – eight in total, and none of them have been found in the neighboring regions, or only single cases are known. Archive data on excavations of the kurgans in the region allows the author to specify some essential construction details of the graves with hidingholes. These holes were dug out in the bottom of the grave pits; they are round in shape, 0.3–0.5 m in diameter and 0.3–0.6 m in depth. A deceased was placed over the holes. A principal item always placed in all hiding-holes is a bronze cauldron, which in some cases is accompanied by other types of metal and ceramic vessels. The author comprehensively applies several scholarly methods of archaeological research. The first stage of collecting and initial processing of material included methods of external and internal analysis of sources taking into account professional characteristics of researchers. The primary classification method based on the similarity of objects, as well as the traditional method of comparative typology, was used at the interpretation stage. The interpretation of materials also required the use of the classical method of extensive parallels including ethnological examples.
Results. Among the burials with hiding-holes in the bottom of the pits, the majority were burials of women. Considering not only the ordinary but also the sacred meaning that was attached to the cauldrons by the nomads of Eurasia, the author concludes that the hiding-holes in the bottom of Sarmatian graves blocked out by the body of the deceased, served not only as a secret place for treasures but had some others cult significance
The Russian-Byzantine treaty of 971: Theophilos and Sveneld
No full textThis article investigates certain textual problems which exist in the Russian-Byzantine treaty of 971. The text of this document survives only in the medieval Russian chronicle, 'Povest’ Vremennikh Let'. Two problems are investigated. The first one concerns the name of synkellos Theophilos, and the second deals with the name of Sveneld. The author proposes that there was a metathesis in the former name and that, in the original Byzantine text, he was known as Philotheos, as referred to by Leo the Deacon for the events in 969. The metathesis in his name may illuminate certain problems of transmission of historical information between different Byzantine and early Russian works. The author argues not only that Leo the Deacon and John Scylitzes drew on a number of common sources (at least two), but so did Scylitzes and the writer of PVL, in particular for the section concerning the Russian-Byzantine treaty of 971.L’auteur examine quelques problèmes textuels concernant le traité russo-byzantin de 971. Le texte de ce document est conservé seulement dans la chronique russe médiévale «Povest’ Vremennikh Let». Deux problèmes sont examinés. Le premier concerne le nom du synkellos Théophilos, le second a trait au nom de Sveneld. L’auteur suppose qu’il y a eu une métathèse dans le premier nom et que, dans le texte byzantin original, il était appelé Philothéos, tel qu’il est cité par Léon le Diacre pour les événements de 969. La métathèse dans son nom peut éclairer certains problèmes de transmission de l’information historique entre diverses oeuvres byzantines et russes primitives. L’auteur soutient non seulement que Léon le Diacre et Jean Skylitzès se sont appuyés sur quelques sources communes (au moins deux), mais que c’est le cas de Skylitzès et de l’auteur de la chronique russe, en particulier pour la section concernant le traité russo-byzantin de 971.Raev Mikhail. The Russian-Byzantine treaty of 971: Theophilos and Sveneld. In: Revue des études byzantines, tome 64-65, 2006-2007. pp. 329-340
Roman bronzes and door knockers from the Black Sea cities of Central Anatolia an ethnographic etude = Bronzurile romane şi "ciocănaşele de uşă" din oraşele de pe litoralul Mării Negre din Anatolia Centrală : studiu etnografic = Rimskie bronzy i dvernye molotočki pričernomorskich gorodov centralʹnoj Anatolii : ėtnografičeskij ėtjud
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Emotional policies: Introducing branding as a tool for science diplomacy
No full textThis article seeks to expand the science diplomacy (SD) discourse by introducing the concept of branding, focusing on its use as a tool for nation state decision makers. Although the current literature on SD has explored the relation between science and diplomacy, the question of how individual science projects can effectively aid SD has been left largely unanswered. Drawing on the SD as well as on the place and policy branding literature, a framework for the analysis and conceptualization of branding as a tool for SD and for Public Diplomacy in general is developed. This framework introduces three distinct branding styles: nation branding, policy branding and policy tool branding. The applicability of the framework is demonstrated by the comparison of two cases of branding by nation state policy makers: branding in the field of German transnational education and in the science and knowledge-based Dutch Water Diplomacy. The German case study shows that branding activities relating to ‘German’ SD are fragmented and focus mostly on individual projects, while the use of transnational education as an instrument to advance policy branding or nation branding remains largely underdeveloped. Such a lopsided branding process undermines the effectiveness of branding as an effective SD tool. In contrast, the potential of coordinated branding strategies as a foreign policy tool becomes apparent in the ‘Dutch Delta Approach’. In this centralised and coordinated branding process, activities on all three proposed branding layers were implemented, effectively employing branding to increase the visibility of the Dutch nation state, increase the attraction of its high-tech water management sector as well as to rejuvenate the Netherland’s bi-lateral relations with selected partner countries. Branding, as we argue, should be added to the analysis of contemporary science diplomacy as well as of broader foreign policies, adding to the understanding of SD as an instrument of cross-border communication and global opinion shaping. The paper ends with a discussion of potential limitations of branding, in order to illustrate that branding can be an effective instrument but should not be seen as an international relations panacea.Organisation & Governanc
A grave of a Cuman noble woman in the Kislyakovsky 13 kurgan cemetery (Krasnodar kray)
No full textThe Kislyakovskiy 13 kurgan cemetery was excavated in 2008 by an expedition of the Southern Scientific Center, RAS. Kurgan 2 contained two graves – one dated to the first centuries AD, the other to the Middle Ages, when the North Black Sea steppes were inhabited by the nomadic Polovеts tribes. This article discusses grave 2.
The burial was made in a chamber in the form of a niche. Robbers destroyed one of the grave’s walls but the burial remained undisturbed.
The buried woman of 35-40 years old was laying extended on back, head to west. Decayed wood from the funerary stretchers preserved under the skeleton. The rich grave goods included a bronze cauldron, an iron knife, two silver torques, hair rings, and a mirror. Fragments of the wooden frame, felt, textile, and gilded silver foil from a headdress preserved in area of the woman’s chest.
The kurgan was encircled by a ditch; its northern part had two ledged niches made in the outer wall. Animal bones and ceramic shards with remains of the funerary feast were unearthed on the ditch bottom.
The ditch was thoroughly made and has unique construction features. Judging by its lower layers, the dug-out soil was stacked not only on the kurgan’s surface but also round the ditch’s outer perimeter. The ditch remained opened for a long time and was gradually filled with flooded soil.
Grave goods are typical for the Cuman graves of the 12th - early 13th centuries. The assemblage suggests a high social status of the buried woman. It is possible that for some time the area surrounded by the ditch was used as a sanctuary; afterwards the burial of a noble woman was performed, the kurgan was covered with a layer of soil
The Russian-Byzantine treaty of 971: Theophilos and Sveneld
No full textThis article investigates certain textual problems which exist in the Russian-Byzantine treaty of 971. The text of this document survives only in the medieval Russian chronicle, 'Povest’ Vremennikh Let'. Two problems are investigated. The first one concerns the name of synkellos Theophilos, and the second deals with the name of Sveneld. The author proposes that there was a metathesis in the former name and that, in the original Byzantine text, he was known as Philotheos, as referred to by Leo the Deacon for the events in 969. The metathesis in his name may illuminate certain problems of transmission of historical information between different Byzantine and early Russian works. The author argues not only that Leo the Deacon and John Scylitzes drew on a number of common sources (at least two), but so did Scylitzes and the writer of PVL, in particular for the section concerning the Russian-Byzantine treaty of 971. </jats:p
Status and problems of legislative regulation of circulation and consumption of nicotinecontaining goods
No full textObjective: to study the current state of the legislative regulation of nicotine-containing products turnover and consumption; to identify the main problems in this area and to suggest possible ways to solve them. Methods: the methodological basis of the work is interdisciplinary, systematic and comparative approaches, as well as general scientific methods of cognition: induction and deduction, analysis and synthesis, abstraction, observation, and empirical methods. Results: the trend of the recent years has been the transition from the use of traditional nicotine products to electronic means of nicotine delivery, which is confirmed by a large amount of data and is explained by a number of advantages. However, the potential threats from the use of alternative nicotine-containing products have not been sufficiently studied and are accompanied by a weak legal framework for their use. In the article, the author considers the features of state regulation of nicotine-containing products that are not related to tobacco products, and analyzes the contradictions and shortcomings of legislative solutions in this area. The main consequences of equating nicotine-containing products with tobacco products are systematized, both in terms of the impact on the nicotine use restriction and of referring them to excisable products. Legislative solutions concerning the use of food nicotine-containing products and products intended for chewing, sucking, and sniffing are also analyzed. Scientific novelty: recommendations are proposed to eliminate the problems identified during the analysis of the regulation of the nicotine-containing products turnover and use. The presented measures are aimed at mitigating the regulatory impact of the nicotine-containing products use while reducing the negative impact of such products on public health.Practical significance: the provisions and conclusions presented in this paper can be used in the development of regulatory legal acts aimed at amending the legislation regulating the nicotine-containing products turnover and consumption
The Function of Folklore Concepts in the Novels of S. Raev «Zhanzhaza» and T. Nurmaganbetov «Death of Angels»
No full textThe article examines the features of the use of folklore motifs and images thatserved as an artistic method in depicting the manifestations of post-collonization in Kazakh-Kyrgyzliterature written in the period after independence. Scientific evidence of the negative impact ofcolonization by Russia on the culture and political and social status, traditions, religious customs ofthe peoples of Central Asia was presented, a study was conducted in the literary aspect. It wasfound that the writers used such motives as a curse, a crow, a snake, a ghost, a witch, retribution,snake fascination, resistance to God, the search for Holy Land, mourning for a sacred tree, in searchof solutions to pressing problems of society, in order to idealize the protagonist. A comparativetypological analysis of the meaning and allegorical character of the symbolism of the snake in thenovels of the Kyrgyz writer Sultan Raev «Zhanzhaza» and the Kazakh writer TynymbaiNurmaganbetov «Death of Angels» was also carried out.The work «Zhanzhaza» analyzes as some elements of spiritual censorship prohibitinghumanity, the ban on reading the Bible to patients in a psychiatric hospital, godlessness expressedunder the images of Lear and Alexander the Great, the activity of the plots of the cult of personality,in the work «Death of Angels» the personal intention and creative skill of the author, revealing theappearance of modernity in the form of fraud, are analyzed, deception, the troubles of society, goingthrough a crisis, female inequality.Мақалада автор тәуелсіздіктен кейінгі тұста жазылған қазақ-қырғыз әдебиетіндегі постотаршылдықтың көрінісін бейнелеуде көркемдік әдіс қызметін атқарған фольклорлық мотив, образдардың қолданылу ерекшеліктерін қарастырған. Ресей тарапынан жүргізілген отарлаудың Орталық Азия халықтарының мәдениеті мен саяси-әлеуметтік жағдайына, салт-санасына, діни-ғұрпына тигізген теріс әсеріне ғылыми тұрғыда дәлелдемелер келтіріліп, әдебиеттанулық аспектіде зерттеу жүргізілді. Жазушылардың қарғыс, қарға, жылан, әруақ, бақсы, кек қайтару, жыланмен арбасу, құдайға қарсылық, киелі жер іздеу, киелі ағашқа мұңын айту сынды мотивтерді қоғамның өзекті мәселелерінің шешімін табуда, негізгі қаһарманды идеализациялау мақсатында қолданғаны айқындалды. Сондай-ақ, қырғыз жазушысы Сұлтан Раевтың «Жанжаза» және қазақ қаламгері Тынымбай Нұрмағанбетовтың «Періштелердің өлімі» романындағы жылан символикасының мәні мен аллегориялық сипатына салыстырмалы-типологиялық талдау жасалды.«Жанжаза» туындысындағы адамзатқа тыйым салған – рухани цензураның кейбір элементтері ретінде жындыханадағы ауруларға киелі кітапты оқуға тыйым салынуы, Лир мен мен Ескендір Зұлқарнайын образының астарымен берілген құдайсыздық, жеке басқа табыну сюжеттерінің қызметі сараланса, «Періштелердің өлімі» шығармасында бүгінгі заман келбетін танытатын алаяқтық, халықты жапа шектіретін кәсіп көзін әшкерелеп, дағдарысқа түскен қоғамның дертін, әйел теңсіздігін сөз еткен автордың жеке интенциясы мен шығармашылық шеберлігі талданды.В статье автор рассмотрел особенности использования фольклорныхмотивов и образов, которые послужили художественным методом в изображениипроявления постколонизации в казахско-киргизской литературе, написанной в период послеобретения независимости. Были приведены научные доказательства негативного влиянияколонизации со стороны России на культуру и политико-социальное положение, традиции,религиозные обычаи народов Центральной Азии, проведено исследование влитературоведческом аспекте. Было установлено, что писатели использовали такие мотивы,как проклятие, ворона, змея, призрак, ведьма, возмездие, завораживание змеей,сопротивление Богу, поиск Святой Земли, скорбь по священному дереву, в поисках решениянасущных проблем общества, в целях идеализации главного героя. Также был проведенсравнительно-типологический анализ значения и аллегорического характера символики змеяв романах кыргызского писателя Султана Раева «Жанжаза» и казахского писателя ТынымбаяНурмаганбетова «Смерть ангелов».В произведении «Жанжаза» анализируются как некоторые элементы духовнойцензуры, запрещающей человечеству, запрет на чтение Библии больным в психиатрическойбольнице, безбожность, выраженная под образами Лира и Александра Македонского,деятельность сюжетов культа личности, в произведении же «Смерть ангелов»проанализированы личная интенция и творческое мастерство автора, раскрывающего обликсовременности в виде мошенничества, обмана, беды общества, переживающий кризис,женское неравенство.The article examines the features of the use of folklore motifs and images thatserved as an artistic method in depicting the manifestations of post-collonization in Kazakh-Kyrgyzliterature written in the period after independence. Scientific evidence of the negative impact ofcolonization by Russia on the culture and political and social status, traditions, religious customs ofthe peoples of Central Asia was presented, a study was conducted in the literary aspect. It wasfound that the writers used such motives as a curse, a crow, a snake, a ghost, a witch, retribution,snake fascination, resistance to God, the search for Holy Land, mourning for a sacred tree, in searchof solutions to pressing problems of society, in order to idealize the protagonist. A comparativetypological analysis of the meaning and allegorical character of the symbolism of the snake in thenovels of the Kyrgyz writer Sultan Raev «Zhanzhaza» and the Kazakh writer TynymbaiNurmaganbetov «Death of Angels» was also carried out.The work «Zhanzhaza» analyzes as some elements of spiritual censorship prohibitinghumanity, the ban on reading the Bible to patients in a psychiatric hospital, godlessness expressedunder the images of Lear and Alexander the Great, the activity of the plots of the cult of personality,in the work «Death of Angels» the personal intention and creative skill of the author, revealing theappearance of modernity in the form of fraud, are analyzed, deception, the troubles of society, goingthrough a crisis, female inequality
