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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Development of a Curriculum for Simulated Laparoscopic Gastroenteroanastomosis Training
No full textIntroduction: The manual gastroenteroanastomosis can be performed by laparoscopy in the treatment or palliation of gastric cancer. Aiming to patient safety, reducing the learning curve and reducing hospital costs, the simulation of a surgical anastomosis should be early introduced in the training of surgeons with an interest in advanced laparoscopy. Objective: To build up a systematized curriculum for simulated training of laparoscopic gastroenteroanastomosis through the analysis of the acquisition of skills and evaluation of the participants' opinion. Methods: Longitudinal and quantitative experimental study. The sample was composed of twelve general surgery residents with limited experience in laparoscopic surgery from four hospitals. The training by simulation consisted in the making of twenty anastomoses with continuous suture using two silk threads. The trainings were also divided into five sessions and they took place over a six-week period. The evaluation of the anastomoses took into account the procedure time, a Checklist and the global evaluation scale Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skills (OSATS). At the end of the training, a questionnaire, using the Likert scale (1 to 5 points), evaluated the training model used. Results: Residents presented a statistically significant reduction in operative time (p <0.01) to make a gastrojeunal anastomosis, from an initial average of 66.6 minutes to an average of 27 minutes at the end of training. There was also a high linear correlation between the variables (r = 0.545). The residents presented basic laparoscopic skills and the evolution of the surgical technique and the quality of the anastomosis was statistically significant (p <0.01), resulting in the last simulated operation an average score of 33.4 points on the OSATS scale and 9 points on the Checklist. The r of 0.497 and 0.295 for the OSATS scale and the Checklist, respectively, represent a high linear correlation between the variables. The training model was well evaluated by the participants. The final average score was 62.57 points which is equivalent to an average of 4.47 points (1-5 points) per question asked. The most evaluated items were those related to the training being compulsory and performed at the teaching hospital. The ones with worse evaluation were those related to the wires and tongs used. Conclusions: The preparation of a laparoscopic gastrojejunal anastomosis is an exercise capable of transferring basic and advanced skills. The ideal training curriculum should have in its programming the participation in 20 surgical anastomoses distributed in 5 training sessions, with interval of 1 week and duration of 6 weeks. Other important items in a training program are: mandatory, accessibility, presence of an experienced surgeon to provide individualized feedback, availability of a black box, use of synthetic organs, tools for evaluation and setting a goal to be achieved.Introdução: A gastroenteroanastomose manual pode ser realizada por laparoscopia no tratamento ou paliação do Câncer gástrico. Visando a segurança do paciente, redução na curva de aprendizado e a diminuição de custos hospitalares a simulação de uma anastomose cirúrgica deve ser introduzida precocemente na formação de cirurgiões com interesse em laparoscopia avançada. Objetivo: Desenvolver um currículo sistematizado para treinamento simulado de gastroenteroanastomose laparoscópica através da análise da aquisição de habilidades e avaliação da opinião dos participantes. Métodos: Estudo experimental longitudinal e de caráter quantitativo. A amostra foi de doze residentes de cirurgia geral com experiência limitada em cirurgia laparoscópica oriundos de quatro hospitais. O treinamento por simulação consistia na confecção de vinte anastomoses com sutura continua utilizando dois fios de seda. Os treinamentos foram divididos, igualmente, em cinco sessões e aconteceram em um período de seis semanas. A avaliação das anastomoses levou em consideração o tempo do procedimento, um Checklist e a escala global de avaliação Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skills (OSATS). No final do treinamento um questionário, utilizando a escala de Likert (1 a 5 pontos), avaliou o modelo de treinamento utilizado. Resultados: Os residentes apresentaram uma redução no tempo operatório estatisticamente significante (p < 0,01) para confeccionar uma anastomose gastrojeunal, passando de uma média inicial de 66,6 minutos para uma média de 27 minutos no final do treinamento. Observou-se, ainda, uma alta correlação linear entre as variáveis (r= 0,545). Os residentes apresentavam habilidades básicas em laparoscopia e a evolução da técnica cirúrgica e da qualidade da anastomose foi estatisticamente significante (p < 0,01), resultando na última operação simulada uma pontuação média de 33,4 pontos na escala de OSATS e 9 pontos no Checklist. O r de 0,497 e 0,295 para a escala de OSATS e o Checklist, respectivamente, representam uma alta correlação linear entre as variáveis. O modelo de treinamento foi bem avaliado pelos participantes. A pontuação média final foi de 62,57 pontos que equivale a uma média de 4,47 pontos (1-5 pontos) por pergunta realizada. Os quesitos mais bem avaliados foram os relacionados com o treinamento ser obrigatório e realizado no hospital de ensino. Já os com pior avaliação foram os relacionados aos fios e pinças utilizadas utilizados. Conclusões:A confecção de uma anastomose gastrojejunal laparoscópica é um exercício capaz de transferir habilidades básicas e avançadas. O currículo de treinamento ideal deve ter em sua programação a participação em 20 anastomoses cirúrgicas distribuídas em 5 sessões de treinamento, com intervalo de 1 semana e duração de 6 semanas. Outros itens importantes em um programa de treinamento são: obrigatoriedade, acessibilidade, presença de um cirurgião experiente para fazer um feedback individualizado, disponibilidade de uma caixa preta, utilização de órgãos sintéticos, ferramentas para avaliação e definir uma meta a ser alcançada
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Prototype of Atraumatic Retractor of Liver for Video Surgery
No full textObjective: Build a practical, easy-to-handle liver retractor prototype for video surgery, capable of providing a satisfactory surgical field from minimally traumatic manipulation of the hepatic tissue. Methods: The study was experimental, quantitative, laboratorial, in an ex vivo model involving 12 swine livers. Each pig liver was placed inside an abdominal cavity simulator used for skills training in laparoscopic surgery adapted to the purposes of the study. A surgical field exposure scale (hiatal exposure scale) was used in the study to prove the efficacy of the prototype. Livers were analyzed for macroscopic lesions detection after the experiments. The time taken to satisfactorily use the retractor was timed. The results obtained were compared with other retractors or methods of hepatic retraction. Results: The liver prototype retractor was able to provide a satisfactory surgical field, not causing macroscopic liver lesions in the pig livers. The average time spent for hepatic retraction of 3.24 minutes was lower than most of the compared methods (p <0.05) and the force required for its use did not cause significant damage to the prototype structure. Conclusion: The developed prototype shows characteristics and results that qualify it as a surgical equipment easy-to-handle and a safe option of laparoscopic retractor of liver.Objetivo: Construir um protótipo de retrator de fígado para videocirurgia de fácil manuseio, capaz de oferecer um campo cirúrgico satisfatório a partir de manipulação irrisoriamente traumática do tecido hepático. Métodos: o estudo foi experimental, quantitativo, laboratorial, em modelo ex vivo envolvendo 12 fígados suínos. Cada fígado suíno foi disposto no interior de um simulador de cavidade abdominal utilizado para treinamento de habilidades em cirurgia laparoscópica adaptado aos propósitos do estudo. Uma escala de exposição de campo cirúrgico (escala de exposição hiatal) foi utilizada no estudo para comprovar a eficácia do protótipo. Os fígados foram analisados para detecção de lesões macroscópicas após os experimentos. O tempo gasto para a utilização satisfatória do retrator foi cronometrado. Os resultados obtidos foram comparados com outros retratores ou métodos de retração hepática. Resultados: o protótipo de retrator de fígado foi capaz de oferecer campo cirúrgico satisfatório (média da escala do campo cirúrgico de 1,5) não ocasionando lesões hepáticas macroscópicas nos fígados suínos. O tempo médio gasto para retração hepática de 3,24 minutos foi menor do que a maioria dos métodos comparados (p < 0,05) e a força necessária para o emprego do protótipo não causou dano significativo à sua estrutura. Conclusão: o protótipo desenvolvido apresenta características e resultados que o qualificam como uma opção prática e segura de retrator laparoscópico de fígado
Simulated training model of ureteropelic anastomosis in laparoscopic pyeloplasty
No full textIntrodução: a estenose da Junção Ureteropiélica (JUP) é o estreitamento do ureter em sua parte proximal. A técnica cirúrgica padrão-ouro é a pieloplastia desmembrada, descrita por Anderson-Hynes videolaparosocopica. A utilização da simulação apresenta um enorme potencial no ensino da medicina. Objetivo: desenvolver um modelo para treinamento simulado de anastomose ureteropiélica na pieloplastia laparoscópica. Metodologia: estudo experimental longitudinal e de caráter quantitativo com amostra por conveniência de 16 participantes. Destes, 11 médicos estudantes da pós-graduação de cirurgia minimamente invasiva da UNICHRISTUS e 5 médicos experts urologistas. Realizou-se produção inicial de um instrumento sintético para simular uma pelve renal e a porção proximal do ureter posicionadas em uma plataforma dentro de simuladores laparoscópicos para realizar a simulação realística da anastomose ureteropiélica. A sutura padrão foi simples, contínua e em plano único com 1 unidade de fio seda 2.0. Desenvolveu-se um passo a passo para a realização do modelo de treinamento de anastomose ureteropiélica. Os treinamentos foram divididos, igualmente, em 3 sessões e aconteceram em um período de 4 semanas. O julgamento das anastomoses confeccionadas foi realizado em 2 etapas. Primeiramente, pelo avaliador cirurgião, uma análise quantitativa utilizando o tempo do participante para realizar cada anastomose e avaliação da performance dos médicos durante o treinamento com um checklist. No segundo momento, um cirurgião, por meio da análise de fotos das anastomoses finais acerca da simetria/regularidade, da assimetria/ irregularidade, do fechamento da parede anterior e/ou posterior e da presença ou ausência de estenose, a firmeza dos nós e a quantidade de pontos realizados na anastomose. Resultados: na avaliação do treinamento das suturas de todos os participantes divididas em 3 etapas, constatouse a diminuição do tempo para realização da anastomose, com mediana de 17,83 minutos na 1ª etapa e 14,21 minutos na última, apresentando p significativo de 0,01. Em relação aos nós, na 1ª etapa, 5% dos nós foram considerados firmes com evolução para 30% na última etapa, sendo essa avaliação estatisticamente significativa, com p de 0,011. Na avaliação do grau de simetria, também foi perceptível uma evolução, sendo na 1ª etapa dos participantes os graus maiores de simetria de 4 a 6 ausentes e, na 3ª etapa, 3 participantes com grau 4, 4 com grau 5 e 1 com grau 6, e avaliação com p significante de 0,002. Na comparação da avaliação do treinamento das suturas dos experts, ao final, percebeu-se a melhor evolução dos estudantes com mediana do tempo com 16,96 minutos, contrapondo com os experts com 15,28 minutos. Percebeu-se ainda no parâmetro de firmeza dos nós, na 3ª etapa, nos estudantes de 45% e nos experts de 55%. No fechamento da parede anterior, os 2 grupos foram semelhantes. No fechamento da parede posterior, apenas 28,6% dos estudantes realizaram a última etapa, contrapondo 71,4% dos experts, com presença de p significativo de 0,001. Na avaliação da presença ou ausência de estenose da anastomose, 2 estudantes tiveram estenose na 1ª etapa, mas nenhum dos experts. Conclusão: O desenvolvimento de um modelo para o treinamento simulado da anastomose ureteropiélica é benéfico para aquisição de habilidades e melhora da performance da mesma. Sugiro a ultilização do modelo de treinamento de anastomose ureteropiélica como educação profissional de residentes em formação e na educação continuada de profissionais urologistas.Introduction: Ureteropelvic Junction (UPJ) stenosis is the narrowing of the ureter in its proximal part. The gold standard surgical technique is the dismembered pyeloplasty, described by Anderson-Hynes by videolaparoscopy. The use of simulation has enormous potential in the teaching of medicine. The simulator training is focused on improving and transferring the skills acquired in the training laboratory to the operating room. Objective: to develop a model for simulated training of ureteropelvic anastomosis in laparoscopic pyeloplasty. Methodology: longitudinal and experimental study, with a quantitative nature, which included a sample for the convenience of 16 participants. Of these, 11 medical students from the UNICHRISTUS minimally invasive surgery graduate program and 5 urologist medical experts. We performed the initial production of a synthetic instrument to simulate the renal pelvis and the proximal portion of the ureter positioned on a platform within laparoscopic simulators, thereby producing the realistic simulation of the ureteropelvic anastomosis. The standard suture was simple, continuous and in a single plane with 1 unit of 2.0 silk yarn. We intend to develop a step-by-step guide for the accomplishment of the ureteropelvic anastomosis training model. The training was equally divided into 3 sessions and took place over a period of 4 weeks. The judgment of the prepared anastomoses was performed in 2 steps. Firstly, by the surgeon evaluator, a quantitative analysis using the participant’s time to perform each anastomosis and evaluation of the doctors’ performance during the training event with a checklist. In the second moment, a surgeon, through the analysis of pictures of the final anastomoses about symmetry/ regularity, asymmetry/irregularity, the closure of the anterior and/or posterior wall and the presence or absence of stenosis, the firmness of the nodes and the amount of stitches performed in the anastomosis. Results: in the evaluation of the suture training of all the participants, divided into 3 steps, we found a decrease in the time to perform the anastomosis, with a median of 17.83 minutes in the 1 st step and 14.21 minutes in the last one, showing a significant p of 0.01. Regarding the nodes, in the 1 st step, 5% of the nodes were considered firm, with an evolution to 30% in the last step, where this evaluation was statistically significant, with p of 0.011. In the evaluation of the degree of symmetry, an evolution was also noticeable, with the highest levels of symmetry from 4 to 6 absent in the 1 st step of the participants; and, in the 3 rd step, 3 participants with level 4; 4 with level 5; and 1 with level 6, where the evaluation showed a significant p of 0.002. In the comparison of the evaluation of the suture training of the experts, at the end, we noticed the best evolution of the students with a median time of 16.96 minutes, contrasting with the experts, where it was 15.28 minutes. We also noticed that, in the parameter of firmness of the nodes, in the 3 rd step, it was 45% in the students and 55% in the experts. In the closure of the anterior wall, the 2 groups were similar. In the closure of the posterior wall, only 28.6% of the students undertook the last step, contrasting with 71.4% of the experts, with the presence of a significant p of 0.001. In the evaluation of the presence or absence of anastomosis stenosis, 2 students had stenosis in the first step, unlike the experts, who had no stenosis in any of the steps. Conclusion: development of a model for the simulated training of the ureteropelic anastomosis is beneficial for acquiring skills and improving its performance. I suggest using the training model for ureteropelic anastomosis as a professional education for residents in training and in the continuing education of professional urologists
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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