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Intersubjective comparisons are possible with an accurate use of the Borg CR scales.
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Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2010 Sep;5(3):406-11
Borg II
No full textThis paper presents the results of the excavation, in 1989, of Viking Age settlement remains in the area named Borg II. The major structures were three house foundations: one long-house and two small sheds. The long-house (house II:1) measured 20.8x6.3m and can be typologically dated to the 10th century. Despite its small dimensions it was probably the new main house of the settlement, built as house I:1 was abandoned. In spite of the diminished social status of the inhabitants... there have still been obvious ideological considerations behind the construction of the house...</p
Performance evaluation of diving using the Borg CR100 Scale®
No full textIn some sports, as for example in diving, performance is measured as a subjectively evaluated artistic gestalt. The purpose of this study was to compare the traditional scale used in competitive diving with the Borg CR100 scale®, a scale where categorical expressions are placed where they perceptually belong on a ratio scale (e.g., G. Borg and E. Borg, 2001). Two internationally recognized Swedish judges volunteered as subjects and judged a sample of 45 videotaped dives, both with the traditional scale and with the CR scale. The results show that the Borg CR100 scale® worked at least equally well as the traditional scale, even though there might have been some tendency for translation between scales.</p
Interview with Paul Borg, School of Music faculty emeritus
No full textOral history interview with Illinois State University School of Music professor emeritus Dr. Paul Borg. The interview was conducted on July 20, 2023 by Paige Malloy, then an oral history intern at Milner library.
Borg shares details about his upbringing in Des Moines, Iowa, his academic journey from the University of Iowa to Indiana University, and his experiences getting his master’s degree in piano performance while serving in the Air Force. He discusses his transition to musicology, focusing on his doctoral research on manuscripts from colonial Guatemala.
Borg reflects on his positive first impressions of the music faculty at ISU circa 1980-1981, especially famed Panamanian composer Roque Cordero, and the collaborative nature of his work as an accompanist. He recalls one of his favorite classroom exercises relating to polyphony, which involved singing “Ut queant laxis,” the Gregorian chant from which modern-day scale vocalizations are derived.
Borg also recounts his involvement in shared governance at ISU, including serving on the University Advisory Committee and being elected as the School of Music representative to the Academic Senate. He played a significant role in revising university’s constitution and mission statement. Borg highlights the challenges in creating policies that address issues such as discrimination and disruptive behavior. He acknowledged the impact of changing technology on student learning, emphasizing the importance of balancing technology with engaging classroom activities.
Borg discusses receiving recognition for his teaching excellence, including earning the ISU College of Fine Arts Outstanding Teacher of the Year Award. He was also honored with the ISU Outstanding Service Award in 2012 for his contributions to shared governance and commitment to improving the university.
The interview concludes with Borg\u27s reflections on his retirement from Illinois State University in 2014 and his temporary return to Indiana University, where he became an adjunct professor and interim coordinator of the Latin American Music Center. When asked about his most significant accomplishment, Borg mentions teaching and governance but refrains from claiming a finished legacy.https://ir.library.illinoisstate.edu/facstaffoh/1000/thumbnail.jp
Translator observed while working and thinking aloud
No full text<p>Translator Toni Aquilina being observed while revising a literary translation and thinking aloud (for details see Borg 2022).</p>
Scaling loudness with the Borg CR100 Scale®
No full textThe Borg CR Scales® are general intensity scales suitable for most kinds of experiences and symptoms including loudness, but have predominantly been used for perceived exertion and pain assessment. Even if earlier versions have, the present Borg CR100 scale® has not, however, been tested on loudness. The scales are constructed to give ratio data and exponents that mimic what is obtained with magnitude estimation (ME). To also give level determinations and for interindividual comparisons, verbal labels are placed on the scale in congruence with the ratio scale from 0 (nothing at all) to 100 (”Maximal” and anchored in a previously experienced perception of, for example, perceived exertion), with, for example, ”Strong” at 50 and with the possibility to exceed 100 in extreme situations1. 36 university students (9 men and 27 women: mean age 22.4 years, s = 3.1 years) partook in a loudness experiment, scaling loudness with the Borg CR100 Scale®. All sounds, S ={40; 50; 60; 70; 80; 90; 100} dB(A), were presented four times in the same randomized order to all subjects. Sounds were generated by NMATLAB script, presented through earphones (Sennheiser HD 580 Precision) in a sound proof listening room using a stationary computer (Windows 7 Professional with RME Fireface 400 external sound card, sampling frequency 48 kHz, 24 bit depth). Geometric means of results obtained with the Borg CR100 scale® were R = {4.7; 7.3; 12.2; 19.2; 29.5; 51.0; 86.5} thus ranging from approx. “Very week” to just below “Extremely strong”. The power function, computed from individual geometric means, was R = 61.7 x S0.42 (r = 0.912) and thus similar to what has often been obtained with ME and also with previous versions of Borg CR scales. Coefficients of variation fell from 0.61 (40 dB) to 0.14 (100 dB), similar to what has been obtained for perceived exertion. The latest Borg CR100 scale® thus works fine for scaling loudness of pure tones.</p
Evaluating elite performance with the Borg CR100 scale® in a Swedish championship in diving
No full textIn many sports, such as for example, in diving, figure skating and ski jumping, subjective assessment is essential in evaluating the performance. Judges usually score the performance according to a complicated setup of rules but uses quite simple rating scales. The Borg CR Scales®, commonly used for perceptual scaling of a variety of modalities and symptoms, may also be used for performance evaluation. The Borg CR100 Scale®, is a general intensity scale from 0 to 100, "Maximal". For diving, “Maximal” was anchored in a "perfect dive". Five judges used the Borg CR100 scale together with the traditional scale for 4 men and 6 women who partook in the semi-finals in the Swedish Championships in diving, 2012. Judges were consistent in their way of using the scales, as can be seen from individual correlations with the contest results. Strong significant correlations were obtained between the traditional scale and the Borg CR100 scale® (r = 0.80) and for both scales with the contest results (0.63 and 0.62). With the Borg CR100 scale® several dives were assessed with a more precise differentiation between the dives. This is illustrated in Fig. 1 by the two individual dives no. 281 and 350. Since the CR100 is more finely graded, the scale gives a better flexibility in the judgments. Because the Borg CR scales can be used for self appraisal of for example perceived exertion, perceived difficulty, and motivation, the results in this study opens up an interesting field of possible comparisons in the study of performance enhancement and in the training of elite athletes.</p
Perception of blackness as a training material for the Borg CR100 Scale®
No full textThe Borg CR100 Scale® is a general intensity scale suitable formost kinds of experiences and symptoms. On the scale verbal labels are placed in congruence with a ratio scale from 0 (nothing at all) to 100 (“Maximal” and anchored in a previously experienced perception of, for example, perceived exertion), with, for example, “Strong” at 50 and with the possibility to exceed 100 in extreme situations. For instruction and training the blackness of 5x5 cm cardboard squares (varying from 5% to 95% blackness NCS) have previously been used with an exponent in the psychophysical power function of between 0.9 and 1.2 (obtained both for Magnitude estimation and previous versions of Borg CR scales). For practical reasons it is important to be able to use a Powerpoint presentation of blackness stimuli, for example when running classroom experiments. Two different randomized orders of 18 (2x9) blackness stimuli were presented in a classroom setting to 47 participants (16 men and 31 women, students of psychology). Microsoft Powerpoint for Apple was used with the 9 different greys preset in the program (5, 15, 25, 35, 50, 65, 75, 85, 95% blackness) and scaled with the Borg CR100!R Scale. Two orders of presentation were used, the second being the reverse of the first. The responses obtained with the Borg CR100 scale!R ranged from 2 to 90 (median values) showing that blackness worked well across the whole subjective dynamic range. This is of importance for a good training material. The group exponent, computed from geometric means, was n = 1. 3 (r = 0. 994) and thus a little higher than previously obtained. For a subgroup of 14 subjects who were retested after approximately 15 minutes the exponent for both occasions was n = 1. 1 (r = 0. 985 and r = 0. 965, respectively). From graphs it was obvious that there was a slight “dip” with relatively lower responses for 35%, 50% and 65% blackness, especially for the first presentation order. This might in part explain why the exponent was a little higher than obtained with the older cardboard presentations. If this “dip” was mainly due to design, the blackness stimuli, or the scale, remains to be tested. However, as a training material, this would have less consequence. As a conclusion, a Powerpoint presentation of blackness works well, and may be recommended as a training material for the Borg CR100 scale®.</p
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