322,898 research outputs found
Postprandial lipaemia and its relation to premature atherosclerosis in middle-aged men
No full textThe present research programme was set up to investigate whether pertubations of the metabolism of postprandial triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRLs) are related to premature atherosclerosis and to determine if treatment with a 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitor (atorvastatin) improves deranged alimentary lipaemia in postinfarction patients with combined hyperlipidaemia. The relation between plasma insulin and alimentary lipaemia was investigated as well.To this purpose healthy middle-aged men and male survivors of a myocardial infarction underwent an oral fat tolerance test of a mixed meal type. TRLs were subfractionated according to particle size by cumulative density gradient ultracentrifugation. The apolipoprotein (apo) B-48 and B-100 concentrations in each fraction of TRLs were determined by analytical sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis as a measure of chylomicron remnant (intestinally derived) and very low-density lipoprotein ((VLDL) liver derived) particle concentrations.In study I the relation between alimentary lipaemia and common carotid artery intima-media thickness IMT) was investigated in 96 healthy 50-year-old men with an apo E3/E3 genotype. This study demonstrated that the early triglyceride response after the mixed meal is independently associated with common carotid MT. Similarly, in study IV, the postprandial triglyceridaemia was exaggerated in a group of 41 male postinfarction patients compared to healthy controls. The patients had elevated plasma concentrations of all subfractions of TRLs. However, in the postprandial state, this appeared to be a consequence of the plasma concentrations of these particles being elevated already in the fasting state. In the group of healthy 50-year-old men, on the other hand, the large VLDL particles measured at 3 hours after the test meal represented the only subfraction of TRLs that correlated with IMT, and this relation was lost in multivariate analysis.In study II the relations of fasting plasma insulin concentrations to fasting and postprandial TRLs were determined in 99 healthy 50-year-old men with an apo E3/E3 genotype. The plasma insulin concentration was associated with the postprandial plasma concentrations of triglycerides, large VLDLs and large and small chylomicron remnants. For the large TRL particles this relation reflected an association between plasma insulin and these particles present already in the fasting state. In addition, strong positive correlations were found between the late increases in large TRLs and plasma free fatty acid concentrations at 6 hours.Study III was performed to investigate the effects of treatment with a P, receptor-blocking agent, metoprolol, on postprandial lipaemia as a preparation for study IV. Sixteen healthy men were randomized to metoprolol 100 mg or placebo once daily. Metoprolol induced modest increases in the postprandial plasma concentrations of triglycerides and VLDL particles, especially larger VLDLs. This seemed to be mainly an effect of increased basal production of large VLDL particles.In study V, 16 postinfarction patients with combined hyperlipidaemia were randomized to atorvastatin 40 mg or placebo once daily. In the postprandial state, atorvastatin induced profound reductions of the plasma concentrations of all subfractions of TRLs and of plasma triglycerides. The effect on large VLDL particles depended to a large extent on a reduced fasting plasma concentration of this particle species and this was also the case for plasma triglycerides.Conclusions: Enhanced postprandial lipaemia is implicated in the development of premature atherosclerosis in middle-aged men and seems to be linked to the metabolic syndrome by means of insulin resistance. Furthermore, atorvastatin is effective in reducing postprandial plasma concentrations of triglycerides and all subfractions of TRLs in male postinfarction patients with combined hyperlipidaemia.List of scientific papersI. Boquist S, Ruotolo G, Tang R, Björkegren J, Bond MG, de Faire U, Karpe F, Hamsten A (1999). "Alimentary lipemia, postprandial triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, and common carotid intima-media thickness in healthy, middle-aged men" Circulation 100(7): 723-728 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/99380070II. Boquist S, Hamsten A, Karpe F, Ruotolo G (2000). "Insulin and non-esterified fatty acid relations to alimentary lipaemia and plasma concentrations of postprandial triglyceride-rich lipoproteins in healthy middle-aged men" Diabetologia 43(2): 185-193 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20214714III. Boquist S, Ruotolo G, Hellénius ML, Danell-Toverud K, Karpe F, Hamsten A. (1998). "Effects of a cardioselective beta-blocker on postprandial triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, low density lipoprotein particle size and glucose-insulin homeostasis in middle-aged men with modestly increased cardiovascular risk" Atherosclerosis 137(2): 391-400 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/98283625IV. Boquist S, Lundman P, Sannegård A, Ericsson CG, Tornvall P, Hamsten A (2000). "Enhanced postprandial lipaemia in midle-aged postinfarction patiens is primarily a consequence of disturbed basal liopoprotein metabolism" (Manuscript)V. Boquist S, Karpe F, Danell-Toverud K, Hamsten A (2000). "Effects of atorvastatin on fasting and postprandial plasma lipoproteins in postinfarction patients with combined hyperlipidermia" (Manuscript)</p
Mortensen Peder (ed.), Bayt al-ʿAqqad. The History and Restoration of a House in Old Damascus avec des contributions d’E. Hoffmeyer, P. Mortensen, J. Nordquist, B. Lange, J. Dambourg, M. Boquist, V. Thomsen, J. Castella, K. S. Freyberger, T. Flemming, S. Weber, C.-P. Haase, A. Meier, J. Skovgaard-Petersen et K. von Folsach. Aarhus, Aarhus University Press, Danish Institute of Damascus IV, 2005
No full textBarrucand Marianne. Mortensen Peder (ed.), Bayt al-ʿAqqad. The History and Restoration of a House in Old Damascus avec des contributions d’E. Hoffmeyer, P. Mortensen, J. Nordquist, B. Lange, J. Dambourg, M. Boquist, V. Thomsen, J. Castella, K. S. Freyberger, T. Flemming, S. Weber, C.-P. Haase, A. Meier, J. Skovgaard-Petersen et K. von Folsach. Aarhus, Aarhus University Press, Danish Institute of Damascus IV, 2005. In: Bulletin critique des annales islamologiques, n°22, 2006. pp. 128-129
Genetic and Structural Evaluation of Fatty Acid Transport Protein-4 in Relation to Markers of the Insulin Resistance Syndrome
No full textDisturbances in fatty acid metabolism are involved in the etiology of insulin resistance and the related dyslipidemia, hypertension, and procoagulant state. The fatty acid transport proteins (FATPs) are implicated in facilitated cellular uptake of nonesterified fatty acids (NEFAs), thus potentially regulating NEFA concentrations and metabolism. The aim of this study was to investigate polymorphic loci in the FATP4 gene with respect to associations with fasting and postprandial lipid and lipoprotein variables and markers of insulin resistance in 608 healthy, middle-aged Swedish men and to evaluate possible mechanisms behind any associations observed.
Heterozygotes for a Gly209Ser polymorphism (Ser allele frequency 0.05) had significantly lower body mass index and, correcting for body mass index, significantly lower triglyceride concentrations, systolic blood pressure, insulin concentrations, and homeostasis model assessment index compared with common homozygotes. A three-dimensional model of the FATP4 protein based on structural and functional similarity with adenylate-forming enzymes revealed that the variable residue 209 is exposed in a region potentially involved in protein-protein interactions. Furthermore, the model indicated functional regions with respect to NEFA transport and acyl-coenzyme A synthase activity and membrane association.
These findings propose FATP4 as a candidate gene for the insulin resistance syndrome and provide a structural basis for understanding FATP function in NEFA transport and metabolism
Diffusive author(s), cohesive author: Analysis of S/N (1994)
No full textThis study indicates the ways in which various aspects of the author(s) are brought forth in Dumb type’s performance art, the S/N production. Previous research has suggested a non-hierarchical organization of Dumb type and the absence of a “privileged author” in Dumb type’s collaborative work, S/N. However, the results that I have investigated from member’s interviews on the creative process of S/N along with my analysis of the recorded images of S/N, indicate a different aspect of the author(s). First, S/N was created through, so to speak, the collective ideas of the members of Dumb type. Further, S/N has at least nine quotations from previous performances, installations, and printed writings, besides the work-in-progress technique. Explicating one of the “author functions” as given by Michel Foucault, each text has plural subjects of the author. However, it has been revealed from members’ interviews that Teiji Furuhashi had a decision-making role in selecting the members’ ideas within the performance. Since then, S/N has had plural subjects of creation; however, Furuhashi is one of the subjects of creation along with the “privileged author.” S/N has plural authors (diffusive authors) yet at the same time, it has a “privileged author,” Teiji Furuhashi (cohesive author)
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Author's address:
No full textCan archives of audiovisual TV interviews be used to make authors more visible to students, and thereby reduce the learning gap between native and non-native language speakers in college classes? We examined students in a college course who learned about one scholar's ideas through watching an audiovisual TV interview (i.e., visible author format) and about another scholar's ideas through reading a formal text description (i.e., invisible author format). For the invisible author, native language speakers scored significantly higher than the non-native language speakers on a corresponding exam question (i.e., a cognitive measure), generated more words on the exam question (i.e., a motivational measure), and mentioned the author's name more often in answering the exam question (i.e., an affective measure). For the visible author, the groups did not differ on any of these measures. These findings provide evidence for the idea that making the author visible through audiovisual TV interviews can eliminate the learning gap between native and non-native language speakers. 3 Universities around the world serve students who are non-native speakers of th
The vanishing author in computer-generated works: a critical analysis of recent Australian case law
No full textAbstract
The use of software is ubiquitous in the creation of many copyright works, yet the requirement in copyright law that every work have a human author who engages in independent intellectual effort means that its use may prevent copyright subsistence. Several recent Australian cases have refocused attention on authorship as an essential criterion of copyright subsistence, and these cases suggest that much computer-produced output may be authorless and thus lack copyright protection. This article, the first in a two-part series, analyses how each case deals with the question of authorship of computer-produced works and why the use of software diminishes copyright protection for a significant number of computer-generated works. The article critiques the application of conventional notions of human authorship developed in the pre-computer age to modern productions and suggests alternative approaches to authorship that satisfy both the major objectives of copyright policy and the need to adapt to the computer age. The article argues that, without a broader judicial approach to authorship of computer-generated works, Parliament must remedy the lacuna in protection for these ‘authorless’ works. Possible solutions for reform are suggested. In a forthcoming article, the author comprehensively examines those reform proposals
The construction of Karen Karnak: The multi-author-function
No full textThis thesis is situated within the comparatively recent developments of Web 2.0 and the emergence of interactive WikiMedia, and explores the mode of authorship within a Read/Write culture compared to that of a Read/Only tradition. The hypothesis of this study is that the role of the audience has become merged with the author, and as such, represents new functions and attributes, distinct from a more conventional concept of authorship, in which the roles of audience and author are more separate. Read/Write and participatory culture, as defined by this study, is focused on collaboration, and includes the influences of D.I.Y. culture, Open-Source practices and the production of text by multiple authors. Multi-authorship presents a re-thinking of several concepts which support the notion of the individual author, since the focus of multi-authorship is not on attribution and ownership of a finished text, but on the continued malleability of a text. Modes of multi-authorship, demonstrated in the use of the pseudonyms Alan Smithee and Karen Eliot, represent declarative authors whose names signify multiple origins, whilst concurrently indicating a distinct body of work. The function of these names form an important context to this study, since primary research involves the construction of an experimental mode of multi-authorship utilising WikiMedia technology and the interaction of thirty nine participants, who are invited to create a body of work under the collective pseudonym Karen Karnak. The data generated by this experiment is analysed using aspects of Michel Foucault's author-function to identify and determine power structures inherent in the WikiMedia context. The interplay of power structures, including concepts such as identity, ownership and the body of work, affect the resulting mode of authorship and contribute to the construction of Karen Karnak, suggesting further areas of research into the emerging multi-author
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