2,470 research outputs found
The vanishing author in computer-generated works: a critical analysis of recent Australian case law
No full textAbstract
The use of software is ubiquitous in the creation of many copyright works, yet the requirement in copyright law that every work have a human author who engages in independent intellectual effort means that its use may prevent copyright subsistence. Several recent Australian cases have refocused attention on authorship as an essential criterion of copyright subsistence, and these cases suggest that much computer-produced output may be authorless and thus lack copyright protection. This article, the first in a two-part series, analyses how each case deals with the question of authorship of computer-produced works and why the use of software diminishes copyright protection for a significant number of computer-generated works. The article critiques the application of conventional notions of human authorship developed in the pre-computer age to modern productions and suggests alternative approaches to authorship that satisfy both the major objectives of copyright policy and the need to adapt to the computer age. The article argues that, without a broader judicial approach to authorship of computer-generated works, Parliament must remedy the lacuna in protection for these ‘authorless’ works. Possible solutions for reform are suggested. In a forthcoming article, the author comprehensively examines those reform proposals
Data transformations in custom digital workflows: Property graphs as a data model for user-defined mappings
No full textThis paper describes the use of property graphs for mapping data between AEC software tools, which are not linked by common data formats and/or other interoperability measures. The intention of introducing this in practice, education and research is to facilitate the use of diverse, non-integrated design and analysis applications by a variety of users who need to create customised digital workflows, including those who are not expert programmers. Data model types are examined by way of supporting the choice of directed, attributed, multi-relational graphs for such data transformation tasks. A brief exemplar design scenario is also presented to illustrate the concepts and methods proposed, and conclusions are drawn regarding the feasibility of this approach and directions for further research.Architectural Engineering +TechnologyArchitecture and The Built Environmen
Zur Umsetzung von EG-Richtlinien und staatengerichteten EG-Entscheidungen in deutsches Recht und Überprüfung der Umsetzung der Fleischhygienegebührenrechtsakte der EG
No full textDas nationale Recht wird mehr und mehr durch EG-Recht beeinflussst. In diesem Zusammenhang ergeben sich bei denjenigen EG-Rechtsakten, die anders als EG-Verordnungen nicht unmittelbar in den Mitgliedstaaten gelten, sondern von diesen in nationales Recht umgesetzt werden müssen, vielfältige Probleme. Diese Probleme behandelt der Verfasser aus der Sicht des Anwalts in einer Weise, dass diejenigen, die sich in der Praxis mit derartigen Umsetzungsfragen zu beschäftigen haben, wertvolle Hinweise für eine konkret zu lösende Umsetzungsproblematik erhalten. Ergänzt und damit noch transparenter werden seine Lösungsvorschläge dadurch, dass der Verfasser sie im zweiten Teil der Untersuchung auf die konkrete Fragestellung anwendet, inwieweit es zu einer Umsetzung bzw. ordnungsgemäßen Umsetzung der in den Jahren 1988 bis 2001 erlassenen Fleischhygienegebührenrechtsakte der EG gekommen ist. Diese Arbeit wurde betreut von Professor Dr. D.C. Umbach an der Universität Potsdam. Aus dem Inhalt: Abgrenzung der Umsetzungszuständigkeit zwischen Bund und Ländern. Anforderungen an das Vorliegen eines Umsetzungsaktes sowie an eine ordnungsgemäße Umsetzung. Rechtsfolgen bei Umsetzungsverstößen. Prozessuale Fragen.National law finds itself more and more influenced by EC law. Within this context those EC legal acts who have no direct legal validity in the member states, unlike EC regulations, and which have to be transposed in national law by them, produce diverse problems. These problems are treated by the author from the point of view of a lawyer in such a way, that those who have to deal with these questions of transposition in their practice, find valuable indications for tangible solutions of transposition problems. The proposed solutions are supplemented and therefore more transparent since the author applies these solutions in the second part of his treatise to a concrete statement of problems, i.e. to what extent the EC legal acts concerning meat inspection fees have been transposed, respectively, transposed in due from in the years 1988 until 2001. The paper has been tutored by Prof. Dr. D. C. Umbach of the University of Potsdam. From the content: Delimitation of the competence of transposition between the federal state and his federal states. Requirements concerning the presence of an act of transposition as well as transposition in due form. Legal consequences of any non-transposition. Procedural questions
Opportunities for linking young surveyors across professional surveying member organisations and FIG
No full textImproving the decision-making process in the furniture manufacturing company SIA “Edelveiss EG”.
No full textBakalaura darba tēma ir “Lēmumu pieņemšanas procesa pilnveide mēbeļu ražošanas uzņēmumā SIA “Ēdelveiss EG”. Autoram strādājot šajā uzņēmumā, nākas saskarties ar vadītāju un citu kolēģu dažādu lēmumu pieņemšanas sekām, kuras ietekmē uzņēmuma attīstību, kāds šis uzņēmums ir tagad un kāds tas varētu būt nākotnē. Darba mērķis ir izpētīt teorētiskos materiālus par lēmumu pieņemšanas gaitu, problēmu definēšanu, pieņemto lēmumu pamatotību un to efektivitātes izvērtēšanu. Balstoties uz teorijas materiāliem veikt salīdzināšanu vai uzņēmumā SIA “Ēdelveiss EG” lēmumu pieņemšanas procesi sakrīt, vai nesakrīt ar dažādu autoru piedāvātajām teorijām. Bakalaura darbs ir sadalīts trīs daļās. Pirmajā daļā tiek aplūkoti teorētiskie aspekti par lēmumu pieņemšanas nozīmi un būtību uzņēmumā. Otrajā daļā tiek izklāstīts uzņēmuma raksturojums. Trešā daļa ietver uzņēmuma SIA “Ēdelveiss EG” lēmumu pieņemšanas gaitas novērtējumu. Noslēdzošajā daļā autors izklāsta savus secinājumus un priekšlikumus, kuri, varbūt, tiks izmantoti uzņēmuma SIA “Ēdelveiss EG” lēmumu pieņemšanas procesu pilnveidei. Darba apjoms ir 63 lapaspuses, satur 10 attēlus, 5 tabulas, ir izmantoti 33 literatūras avoti. Atslēgas vārdi: SIA “Ēdelveiss EG”, lēmumu pieņemšanas process, lēmumu definēšana, lēmumu izvērtējums, lēmumu pieņemšanas procesa efektivitāte.The topic of the bachelor thesis is "Improving the decision-making process in the furniture manufacturing company SIA “Edelveiss EG”. By working in this company, the author has to face the consequences of various decisions made by managers and other colleagues. Decision making affects the development of the company, how effectively this company is operating currently and what it could achieve in the future. The aim of the work is to research the theoretical materials on the decision-making process, problem definition, the validity of the decisions made and the evaluation of the decision effectiveness. Based on the theory, the author compares whether the decision-making processes of SIA "Edelveiss EG" matches the theories proposed by different authors. The bachelor thesis contains three parts. The first part provides the theoretical aspects of the meaning and nature of decision-making process in the company. The second part describes the characteristics of the company. The third part includes the assessment of the decision-making process of SIA “Edelveiss EG”. In the closing part, the author presents his conclusions and proposals, which could be used to improve the decision-making processes of SIA “Edelveiss EG”. Total volume of the thesis are 63 pages, it contains 10 pictures, 5 tables and 33 literary sources are used. Keywords: SIA “Edelveiss EG”, decision-making process, definition of decisions, evaluation of decisions, efficiency of the decision-making process
Self-directed digital interventions for the improvement of emotion regulation—effectiveness for mental health and functioning in adolescents: protocol for a systematic review
No full textIntroduction: Research suggests that problems with emotion regulation, that is, how a person manages and responds to an emotional experience, are related to a range of psychological disorders (eg, bipolar disorder, anxiety and depression). Interventions targeting emotion regulation have been shown to improve mental health in adults, but evidence on related interventions for adolescents is still emerging. Increasingly, self-directed digital interventions (eg, mobile apps) are being developed to target emotion regulation in this population, but questions remain about their effectiveness. This systematic review aimed to synthesise evidence on current self-directed digital interventions available to adolescents (aged 11–18 years) and their effectiveness in addressing emotion regulation, psychopathology and functioning (eg, academic achievement). Methods and analysis Several electronic databases will be searched (eg, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, ACM Digital Library) to identify all studies published any time after January 2010 examining self-directed digital interventions for adolescents, which include an emotion regulation component. This search will be updated periodically to identify any new relevant research from the selected databases. Data on the study characteristics (eg, author(s)) and methodology, participant characteristics (eg, age) and the digital interventions used to address emotion (dys-) regulation (eg, name, focus) will be extracted. A narrative synthesis of all studies will be presented. If feasible, the effectiveness data will be synthesised using appropriate statistical techniques. The methodological quality of the included studies will be assessed with the Effective Public Health Practice Project quality assessment tool. Ethics and dissemination Ethical approval is not required for this study. Findings will be disseminated widely via peer-reviewed publications and presentations at conferences related to this field
Energy Efficient Refinery Process Developed with U.S. D.O.E. Support
No full textThe United States Department of Energy historically has encouraged private efforts to develop energy saving technologies. EG&G Idaho, Inc., as the prime operating contractor at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, assists the DOE in managing federally funded industrial energy conservation projects. This paper describes a government funded project which the author monitored for the DOE.
Two Houston companies, with DOE financial support, have developed an energy saving catalytic distillation process. This process uses a patented catalyst support system to save energy by performing a catalytic reaction and a primary fractionation of reaction components simultaneously in one vessel. This process is used by a Houston refiner to produce MTBE (Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether), an octane booster formed by combining methanol with isobutylene. The production unit has operated for over a year producing about 1400 BPD of MTBE with a net process energy savings of about 25% over a conventional production method. The DOE plans continued support of these inventors as they search for new applications with potential for extensive industrial energy savings
Utstationering av utländska arbetstagare i Sverige : Är Lex Britannia och Sveriges sätt att implementera utstationeringsdirektivet (96/71/EG) förenliga med EG-rätten?
No full textThe Latvian building company Laval un Partneri Ltd (Laval) posted Latvian construction workers at the rebuilding of a school in Vaxholm in autumn 2004. Because the company refused to sign a collective agreement with Svenska Byggnadsarbetareförbundet (Byggnads), which is the Swedish trade union for constructions workers, Byggnads put the construction site under a boycott. Next Laval sued Byggnads for damages in the Swedish Labour Court (AD) because Laval considers the boycott as well as Byggnad´s demand that Laval signs a collective agreement incompatible with EC Law. AD has now demanded a preliminary ruling from the European Court of Justice (ECJ). While waiting for the preliminary ruling from the ECJ, several important questions of principle stand unanswered. Two such questions are whether Lex Britannia and the way in which Sweden har implemented the directive for posted workers (96/71/EC) are compatible with EC Law. In this thesis the author seeks to answer these two questions.Det lettiska byggbolaget Laval un Partneri Ltd (Laval) utstationerade under hösten 2004 lettiska byggarbetare på ett skolbygge i Vaxholm. Eftersom bolaget vägrade teckna kollektivavtal med Svenska Byggnadsarbetareförbundet (Byggnads) satte Byggnads bygget i blockad. Laval stämde därefter Byggnads i Arbetsdomstolen (AD) och krävde skadestånd eftersom Laval anser att blockaden, liksom Byggnads krav på att Laval skulle teckna kollektivavtal, strider mot EG-rätten. AD har nu begärt ett förhandsavgörande i målet från EG-domstolen. I avvaktan på EG-domstolens avgörande står flera principiellt viktiga frågor i målet obesvarade. Dessa är bl a huruvida Lex Britannia och Sveriges sätt att implementera utstationeringsdirektivet (96/71/EG) är förenliga med EG-rätten. Det är dessa frågor som författaren ämnar besvara i uppsatsen
Author Response to “Pushing the Limits of Strength Training”
No full textPhotothermal catalytic dry reforming of methane with CO₂ has emerged as a promising yet nascent strategy for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions and enabling clean energy conversion. However, achieving optimal performance requires advances in both catalyst design and mechanistic understanding. Herein, we adopted a double-emulsion-guided micelle assembly strategy to synthesize asymmetric supports (AMONs and AMOMs), featuring unidirectional open/closed pore channels. This distinctive architecture enabled the formation of an asymmetric catalyst configuration through ethylene glycol-assisted selective confinement of Ni nanoparticles at the open-pore termini. Compared to conventional symmetric catalysts, the optimized 5% Ni AMONs EG and 5% Ni AMOMs EG exhibited higher specific surface areas and improved metal dispersion, resulting in an abundance of active sites. Moreover, the asymmetric design strengthened the built-in electric fields, directing more photogenerated hot carriers and localized thermal energy toward reactant activation. Consequently, 5% Ni AMOMs EG achieved a remarkable H₂ production rate of 2314.2 mmol g⁻¹ h⁻¹ and sustained H₂ yields over 50 hours, outperforming symmetric counterparts and even some reported noble metal-based catalysts. This work offers a smart photothermal catalyst candidate and elucidates its structure–performance relationship, advancing photothermal catalytic technology for solar fuel production.Cheng Sang, Weiyi Xu, Kang Xue, Yajie Zou, Shuli Li, Shengjie Han, Haijun Chen, Hongqi Sun, Shaobin Wang, and Jinqiang Zhan
Proposal : The investigation of the inelastic antiproton-proton interactions at 10 GeV/c
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