1,720,977 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Between criminality, insanity, deviance and defiance : Victorian and Edwardian women in the London carceral net (1877-1914)
No full textCe travail de thèse porte sur le parcours des femmes victoriennes et édouardiennes dans l’univers carcéral et semi-carcéral londonien. Il se concentre sur une période charnière de l’histoire pénale allant de la nationalisation des prisons pour peines courtes, en 1877, à la veille de la Première Guerre mondiale, en 1914. Il lie la notion de criminalité à celle de la déviance sous le prisme du genre : condamnations pénales, morales, sociales et médicales allaient parfois de pair pour les femmes, estompant les frontières entre criminalité, rébellion et, parfois, raison et déraison. Pour mieux appréhender la figure labile et protéiforme de la criminelle, cette thèse sillonne avec les détenues les couloirs des tribunaux, des prisons, des établissements spécialisés dans le traitement de l’alcoolisme féminin et des refuges pour anciennes criminelles. Elle s’inscrit dans la perspective des études de genre, et s’efforce donc de ne pas estomper l’expérience carcérale masculine. À l’aide d’archives « d’en haut » mais aussi « d’en bas », ce travail remet en question certaines des théories élaborées par les historiens des prisons en matière de jugement pénal, de traitement carcéral mais aussi d’appréhension médicale. En trois grands mouvements –construire, réformer et soigner – il démontre que les criminelles, à la confluence de discours médicaux et pénaux, deviennent l’épicentre plutôt que les uniques cibles d’une « pathologisation » de la déviance criminelle, mais que cette médicalisation demeure entremêlée de principes moralisateurs classiques. Cette thèse s’ouvre sur les processus de construction identitaire des femmes ayant enfreint la loi. Elle dresse une typologie des crimes et délits commis par les femmes, et soulève l’importance d’un prisme intersectionnel dans l’analyse des jugements pénaux. Sans minimiser le poids des normes pesant sur les femmes, le premier volet de ce travail démontre également l’importance d’une mission civilisatrice dont les hommes étaient la cible. Le deuxième volet de cette exploration fait la part belle à la réalité de l’expérience carcérale, sous un angle à la fois moral et physique, mais aussi sensoriel. Le corps et l’esprit des prisonnières étaient régulés et féminisés, mais également négligés. Le « cours intensif de féminité » dispensé en prison était à la fois normatif et évanescent, la maternité était niée et vaporisée. Les détenues qui se rebellaient se réappropriaient alors souvent paradoxalement leur corps à travers l’adoption de normes genréesqu’elles avaient parfois d’abord transgressées. La dernière partie de ce travail s’intéresse aux nouveaux courants de pensée scientifique du dernier quart du XXe siècle qui précipitèrent les criminels dans l’orbite de la sphère médico-scientifique. La hausse du récidivisme féminin, en particulier en matière de délits liés à l’alcoolisme, se combine à l’essor de la théorie dedégénérescence et de l’eugénisme, mais aussi à l’émancipation croissante des femmes, donnant naissance à de nouvelles « sciences des criminelles » embryonnaires. Certaines déviantes furent placées sous la loupe de médecins, d’aliénistes et de gynécologues travaillant hors des hauts murs de la prison. Elles se virent alors déviées du système traditionnel et envoyées dans des maisons de redressement spéciales. Toutefois, la réalité du quotidien des femmes alcooliques et « faibles d’esprit », mises à l’écart du reste de la population carcérale, révèle la persistance de modèles moralisateurs. Plus qu’un traitement médical, se développe une approche hygiéniste plus ou moins pessimiste selon le comportement des détenues-patientes. Les autorités carcérales britanniques ne voyaient pas d’un bon oeil le positivisme à l’extrême, mais certaines détenues – et certains détenus – étaient vus comme mentalement déficientes. Alors que les politiques pénales annoncées en 2019 dessinent les contours d’un renforcement du fait carcéral, il apparaît vital de faire la lumière sur les prisons...This thesis explores the journey of Victorian and Edwardian women through the London carceral and semi-carceral system. It focuses on a turning point in penal history, concentrating on the period between 1877, when local prisons were nationalised, and 1914, when the First World War broke out. Using the prism of gender, it connects the notions of criminality and deviance.For female offenders, penal, moral, social and medical judgments could overlap, blurring the boundaries between criminality, rebellion, badness and madness. To properly grasp the multifaceted figure of the female criminal, this thesis will accompany women along the corridors of the London courts, prisons, inebriate reformatories and refuges for ex-convicts and prisoners.In the perspective of gender studies, it sheds light on female experiences without obscuring the lives of male prisoners. Using archives “from above” and “from below”, this dissertation questions some of the theories expounded by historians of crime and gender, in particular when it comes to penal judgments, carceral treatment as well as medicalisation attempts. It demonstrates that female offenders became the epicentre, rather than the unique focal point, of a pathologising process of criminal deviance. Using three angles of approach – forging, reforming and curing the figure of the criminal woman – it shows that medicalisation endeavours were intertwined with classical moral principles.This analysis first discusses the forging of female criminals’ identity by the authorities, whether they be reformers, judges, penal administrators or philanthropists. It reveals that only an intersectional approach can yield fruitful conclusions when it comes to sentencing patterns, and that men were also the object of normative “civilising attempts”. Then, it gives pride of the place to the everyday reality of incarcerated women. Female bodies and minds were regulated and feminised, but also neglected. A “crash course in femininity” both materialised and evaporated. Paradoxically, women could regain control of their bodies by adopting the normative “feminine” behaviours that they had previously eschewed. As the 19th century wore on, and as reoffendingseemed to surge, new scientific theories emerged from outside the prison gates, colliding with the penal sphere. Degeneration seemed to loom, and eugenics grew in popularity. Female offenders found themselves at the confluence of medical discourses coming from medical doctors, alienists and even gynaecologists. Gradual emancipation attempts combined with contemporary fears for the future of the nation, giving birth to “criminal sciences”, and more specifically “female criminal sciences”. Some prisoners, especially those who suffered from inebriety, were labelled deviant but also defiant and deficient. Sent to inebriate reformatories or confined in special carceral wings, they were painted as sick. However, a close study of life in such reformatories reveals that moralising attempts were still very much at work. Social hygiene was the order of the day, more than medical treatments.As new penal policies announced in 2019 seem to foreshadow a reinforcement of the carceral network, it seems vital to shed light on yesterday’s prisons and today’s penal institutions, where the echoes of gender norms and medico-moral perspectives can still be heard
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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