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Origine, évolution et minéralisation en métaux rares des pegmatites de l'Afrique de l'Ouest
Get PDFLes métaux rares sont essentiels au développement de l'industrie de pointe et à la transition vers une énergie décarbonnée. Les pegmatites granitiques sont des métallotectes de ces métaux, dont l'origine est discutée entre la fusion partielle de métasédiments, ou la différenciation magmatique d'un pluton enrichi. Le secteur de Mangodara (Sud-Ouest du Burkina Faso) expose des pegmatites à métaux rares associées à des roches métamorphiques, migmatitiques et magmatiques, dans un contexte de gneiss-granitoïdes du Craton Ouest-Africain Paléoprotérozoïque. Nous investiguons la pétrogenèse de ces pegmatites à travers une approche multiple pétrographique, géochimique et géochronologique. Le secteur étudié constitue un dôme régional, représentatif de la croûte moyenne à inférieure (4-7 kbar, baromètre Aluminium dans la hornblende), avec au cœur un gneiss tonalitique- trondhjémitique riche en plagioclase, enveloppé par un gneiss granodioritique interprété comme étant une diatexite, contenant des lambeaux d'amphibolites, paragneiss (sillimanite-grenat/staurotide) et migmatites de protolithes birimiens. Des roches plutoniques, formant deux séries géochimiques l'une Na-riche et l'autre K-riche, sont en contact diffus avec ces gneiss ou intrusifs dans ces derniers. Quatre types de pegmatites ont été identifiées dans le secteur. Les pegmatites de type titanite-allanite et apatite-zircon sont métalumineuses, peu évoluées, et issues la ségrégation tardive du gneiss tonalitique-trondhjémitique. Les pegmatites de type grenat-colombite (Li, Nb) sont peralumineuses, de famille Mixte Lithium-Césium-Tantale et Niobium-Yttrium-Fluor (LCT+NYF). Elles sont issues de la fusion partielle de paragneiss avec un contrôle du fractionnement des métaux rares dans la source par les micas, les phosphates et le grenat, et une contamination par les liquides résiduels des pegmatites métalumineuses. Les pegmatites de type grenat-REE (Ti, Y, HREE) sont des pegmatites NYF, issues de la ségrégation tardive du gneiss granodioritique, avec un contrôle du fractionnement des métaux rares par l'allanite, les phosphates et l'amphibole. La cristallisation de la pegmatite de type titanite-allanite est datée à 2094,3 ± 8,8 Ma par la méthode U-Pb sur zircon. Le refroidissement régional à moins de 500 °C est indiqué par des âges U-Pb sur apatite dans le gneiss tonalitique-trondhjémitique (2094 ± 21 Ma), dans le gneiss granodioritique (2041 ± 33 Ma) et dans la pegmatite de type apatite-zircon (2055 ± 20 Ma).
La genèse des pegmatites à métaux rares de Mangodara dérive à la fois de processus de ségrégation et de fusion partielle dans la croûte moyenne, mais le contrôle de minéraux porteurs de métaux rares est déterminant sur le fractionnement des métaux rares, et la signature pétrogénétique des pegmatites. Cela ouvre des perspectives de recherche des minéralisations liées aux métaux rares dans les zones de transition migmatitiques-magmatique.Rare metals are essential to the development of high-tech industry and to the transition toward a low-carbon energy. The Mangodara district (South West of Burkina Faso, West African Craton) exposes rare metals pegmatites associated with metamorphic, migmatitic and magmatic rocks, in a paleaoproterozoic complex of gneiss-granitoids. We investigate the petrogenesis of these pegmatites, discussed between the partial melting of metasediments and the magmatic differentiation of an enriched pluton, through a multi-disciplinary petrographical, geochemical and geochemical and geochronological approach. The studied zone consists of a regional dome, situated in the middle crust (4-7 kbar, Al in hornblende), cored by a tonalitic-trondhjemitic gneiss rich in plagioclase, and mantled by a granodioritic diatexite hosting rafts of amphibolites, paragneisses (sillimanite-garnet/staurolite) and migmatites of birimian protoliths. Plutonic rocks, forming two geochemical Na-rich and K-rich series, are in diffuse contact gneisses or intrusives within. Four types of pegmatites have been identified in the district. Titanite-allanite type pegmatites and apatite-zircon type pegmatites are metaluminous, few evolved, deriving from the late segregation of the tonalitic-trondhjemitic gneiss. Garnet-columbite type pegmatites (Li, Nb) are peraluminous, from the petrogenetic family Mixed Lithium-Cesium-Tantalum and Niobium-Yttrium-Fluor (LCT+NYF). They come from the partial melting of paragneiss with a control of rare metals fractionation in the source by micas, phosphates and garnet, and a contamination by residual liquids from the metaluminous pegmatites. Garnet-REE type pegmatites are NYF pegmatites, originating from the late segregation of a granodioritic gneiss, with a control of rare metals fractionation in the source by allanite, phosphates and amphibole. Titanite-allanite type pegmatite crystallization is dated at 2094.3 ± 8.8 Ma (U-Pb in situ dating of zircon). Regional cooling below 500 °C is indicated by U-Pb dating of apatite from the tonalitic-trondhjemitic gneiss (2094 ± 21 Ma), granodioritic gneiss (2041 ± 33 Ma) and apatite-zircon type pegmatite (2055 ± 20 Ma). The genesis of Mangodara rare metals pegmatites originates from processes of melt segregation as well as partial melting in the middle crust, but the control by rare metals-bearing minerals is determining in the fractionation of these elements, and the petrogenetic signature of pegmatites. Our results open some perspectives in the research of rare metals mineralization related to migmatitic-magmatic transition zones
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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