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Correlation between renal histopathology and renal ultrasound in dogs.
Full text linkFifty-three privately owned dogs were included in the study. Ultrasonography of the kidneys was performed ante mortem. All the dogs died or were euthanized for reasons unrelated to this study. Histopathology of both kidneys was performed, and a degeneration and an inflammation score ranging from zero to two was assigned by consensus between two pathologists. A numerical score based on a three level semi-quantitative scale (0, 0.5, 1) was assigned by consensus between two of the authors to the following ultrasonographic abnormalities: cortico-medullary definition, echogenicity of the renal cortex, echogenicity of the medulla, renal shape, cysts, scars, mineralizations, subcapsular perirenal fluid accumulation, pyelectasia. The scores deriving from the consensus were summed to create a summary index called renal ultrasound score (RUS). Statistically significant differences in cortico-medullary definition, echogenicity of the renal cortex, echogenicity of the medulla, renal shape, scars and pyelectasia were evident between the degeneration score groups. There were significantly different distributions of cortico-medullary definition, renal shape and scars between the inflammatory score groups. There were statistically significant differences in the RUS between the degenerative score groups (F = 24.154, p-value<.001). Post-hoc tests revealed significant differences between all groups. There were no significant differences in the RUS between the inflammatory score groups (F = 1.312, p-value = .264). Post-hoc tests revealed no significant differences between groups. The results of the present study suggest that the number and severity of the ultrasonographic abnormalities are correlated with the severity of the kidney degeneration. On the other hand, inflammation showed poor influence on the ultrasonographic appearance of the kidneys
Corrigendum: Diagnostic Accuracy of Delayed Phase Post Contrast Computed Tomographic Images in the Diagnosis of Focal Liver Lesions in Dogs: 69 Cases (Front. Vet. Sci, (2021), 8, (611556), 10.3389/fvets.2021.611556)
No full textIn the original article an error occurred with the ellipsoid volume formula and subsequently there were errors in Table 2. The volume was calculated using formula V = 4/3*(height*width*length) whereas the correct formula is: V = 4/3*(height/2*width/2*length/2). Therefore, the results reported in Table 2 are 8 times bigger than the actual volume. The corrected Table 2 appears below. The authors apologize for this error and state that this does not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way. The original article has been updated
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Contrast-enhanced ultrasound features of hepatocellular carcinoma in dogs
Full text linkBACKGROUND:
This study aimed to describe the contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) features of canine hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in relation to cellular differentiation and lesion size.
METHODS: Sixty dogs with a cytological diagnosis of HCC and that underwent a CEUS examination were retrospectively selected. The wash-in and wash-out patterns of contrast enhancement, along with the time to wash-in and the time to wash-out, of each lesion were recorded. A dimensional cut-off value of 3 cm was adopted for classification.
RESULTS: Cellular differentiation had a significant influence on both wash-in (chi-squared=16.99; P<0.001) and wash-out (chi-squared=10.9; P=0.004) patterns of contrast enhancement. Lesion size had a lower, but still significant, influence on both wash-in (chi-squared=12.7; P=0.005) and wash-out (chi-squared=7.42; P=0.024) patterns. A homogeneous hyperenhancement in the arterial phase followed by homogeneous wash-out were suggestive of a well-differentiated HCC. The cellular differentiation of lesions with inhomogeneous hyperenhancement or hypoenhancement/no enhancement as well as an inhomogeneous wash-out or no wash-out could not be inferred.
CONCLUSIONS: No significant difference in the time to wash-in and the time to wash-out in relation to cellular differentiation or lesion size was evident. CEUS has the potential to improve efficiency in the diagnosis of HCCs in dogs
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Contrast-enhanced ultrasound features of malignant focal liver masses in dogs
Full text linkA total of 185 cases (150 retrospectively and 35 prospectively) of malignant liver masses were collected. In the retrospectively collected cases hyperenhancement during wash-in was the most common feature in HCCs but there was a high percentage of cases showing no enhancement or hypo/isoenhancement. ICCs displayed a large variety of contrast enhancement patterns and, although statically significant differences between ICCs and HCCs were evident, no clear distinction between these two pathologies was possible based only on their CEUS appearance. Sarcomas displayed all the possible degrees of wash-in enhancement with non-enhancing being the most common appearance. Metastases displayed all the possible contrast-enhancement patterns, with the most common being hyperenhancement in the wash-in phase followed by hypoenhancement in the wash-out phase. A decision tree was developed based on the features of the retrospectively selected cases. Based on the developed decision tree 27/35 prospectively collected cases were correctly classified. Even if some significant differences among groups were evident, all the histotypes displayed all the possible patterns of contrast enhancement, and, therefore, the differentiation of liver masses in dogs based only on their CEUS features is not feasible and, therefore, cytology or histopathology is required
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Immunohistochemical markers of apoptotic and hypoxic damage facilitate evidence-based assessment in pups with neurological disorders
Full text linkSeizures in puppies often present a diagnostic challenge in terms of identifying and treating the underlying cause. Dog breeds with mutations of the MDR1-gene are known to show adverse reactions to certain drugs, yet metabolic imbalance exacerbated by physiologically immature organs and other contributing pathologies require consideration before arriving at a diagnosis. This study analysed the brains of two male, 5-week-old Australian Shepherd siblings that died after displaying severe neurological symptoms upon administration of MilproVet® to treat severe intestinal helminth infection. Despite the initial symptoms being similar, their case histories varied in terms of the symptom duration, access to supportive therapy and post-mortem interval. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry were used to obtain more information about the phase of the pathological processes in the brain, employing protein markers associated with acute hypoxic damage (β-amyloid precursor protein/APP) and apoptosis (diacylglycerolkinase-ζ/DGK-ζ, apoptotic protease activating factor 1/Apaf1, and B-cell lymphoma related protein 2/Bcl-2). The results seem to reflect the course of the animals’ clinical deterioration, implicating that the hypoxic damage to the brains was incompatible with life, and suggesting the usefulness of the mentioned immunohistochemical markers in clarifying the cause of death in animals with acute neurological deficits
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