1,721,066 research outputs found
Proteomics and Protein Adsorption on Hemodialysis Membranes
No full textAdsorption of plasma proteins onto the membrane surface during the hemodialysis session represents a key feature of membranes used for chronic dialysis therapy. In this issue of Proteomics-Clinical Applications, Han et al. originally describe how, by using proteomic technologies, the adsorptive properties of two membranes made from the same biomaterial (Polyamix) may have different flux characteristics (low flux and high flux, the former having smaller pore size). A total of 497 differentially expressed proteins were identified in eluates obtained after in vivo hemodialysis: 320 proteins concentrated more in low-flux membrane (predominantly proteins with molecular weight 30-60 kDa) and 177 in high flux (most represented by proteins with molecular weight 10-15 kDa). Use of bioinformatics tools shed light on the involvement of adsorbed proteins in important biological pathways, such as the coagulation cascade and the complement system, again with some differences between the two membranes. The study indicates that flux characteristics of a biomaterial used for hemodialysis membrane strongly influence its adsorptive properties, and that proteomic application may provide information relevant to renal replacement therapy
Selenium in Uremia
No full textAbstract: The importance of selenium as an essential trace element for man has been increasingly recognized during the last several years. Selenium deficiency has been associated with cases of congestive cardiomyopa-thy, skeletal myopathy, anemia, enhanced cancer risk, elevated incidence of cardiovascular disease, immune system alterations, hair and nail changes, and abnormalities in thyroid hormone metabolism. These symptoms are frequently present in chronic uremic patients. Nevertheless, the prevalence and significance of selenium deficiency in the uremic syndrome is still not clearly defined. This article reviews the selenium status in chronic uremic patients, the supposed pathogenetic mechanisms of selenium disturbance in uremia, and the possible role of selenium deficiency on some uremic abnormalities
Treatment options for anemia in kidney transplant patients: a review
Full text linkAnemia is common after kidney transplantation. The etiology may be multifactorial
including both causes of anemia in the general population and more specific causes
unique to the kidney transplant setting. Post-transplant anemia, particularly when severe,
may be associated with adverse effects including graft failure, mortality, and a decline in
kidney function. After careful investigation, having excluded or treated reversible causes
of anemia, treatment of anemia in patients with a kidney transplant is based on iron
supplementation and/or erythropoiesis stimulating agents though there are no specific
guidelines on anemia management in this patient population. Iron therapy is often
needed, but optimal and safe iron deficiency management strategies remain to be defined.
Evidence suggests that erythropoiesis stimulating agents are safe and potentially
associated with favorable outcomes. Better graft function has been reported upon ESA
use targeting hemoglobin levels higher than those recommended in the general chronic
kidney disease population with no apparent increased risk of cardiovascular events. These
results require further investigation. Data on the use of hypoxia-inducible factor
inhibitors are limited. Prevention and treatment of anemia in kidney transplantation can
improve patients’ quality of life, life expectancy, allograft function, and survival
Black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens L.) whole and fractionated larvae: In vitro protein digestibility and effect of lipid and chitin removal
No full textProtein quality, which can be defined by amino acid profile and protein digestibility, is of paramount importance when assessing a novel protein source. As the presence of chitin might impair insect protein digestion, and as there is little to no clarity as to how different insect fractions influence the overall protein digestibility, this study aimed at assessing the influence of lipids and chitin removal on the protein digestibility of black soldier fly larvae. The samples underwent an in vitro simulated gastro-intestinal digestion following the INFOGEST method, commonly used for humans, and both undigested matrices and digesta were characterized by means of amino acid composition, SDS-PAGE gel electrophoresis, and proteomic/peptidomic approaches. Protein solubilization, degree of hydrolysis (DH%) after digestion, and digestible indispensable amino acid (DIAA) contents were also determined. The results highlighted that the presence of chitin hindered protein digestion, as expected: in fact, the protein isolate showed the highest solubilized protein (84.0%), DH% (61.1%), and number of peptides and proteins detected by high resolution mass spectrometry (64 and 16, respectively), while the chitin-rich fraction the lowest (38.4% solubilized protein, 41.2% DH%, 37 peptides and 6 proteins detected, respectively). Additionally, the chitin-rich fraction had the lowest DIAAS. Interestingly, the preferred C-terminal cleavage sites for all samples were in line with the specificity of the enzymes used, meaning that insect proteins, compared to other matrices, do not change the enzymatic behavior in terms of their specificity
Blood cell proteomics in chronic kidney disease
Full text linkBackground: The uremic syndrome mimes a systemic poisoning with the retention of numerous compounds which are normally removed by the kidney. The study of proteins and peptides, or proteomics, represents an important field of research for the investigation of blood and blood diseases. Methods and Materials: We focused our review on the results of proteomic investigations on blood cells of uremic patients with particular regard to the study of red blood cells, platelets, and monocytes. Results: In literature there are few, preliminary studies on platelets and monocytes while the knowledge on uremic erythrocytes is much wider. Proteomic investigations showed that erythrocyte membrane proteome of uremic patients, differs significantly from the proteome of healthy subjects, being characterized by an extensive remodeling which may influence visco-elastic properties of RBC such as deformability and involve diverse molecular pathways driving red blood cell signaling and removal. Conclusion: Proteomic technologies emerged as a useful tool in defining and characterizing both physiological and disease processes being able, among others, to give important insights into uremic anemia. © 2018 Bonomini et al
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