1,720,959 research outputs found
The effects of the addition of two environmental enrichments on the behavior and fecal cortisol levels of three small felids species (Caracal caracal, Leptailurus serval, Leopardus pardalis) in captivity
Full text linkScientific evidences support the fact that environmental enrichment, when effective, can affect the be- havior of animals in captivity in a way suggestive of an improvement in their quality of life. In the inter- nationally published literature about enrichment in captive conditions, some species, such as primates, appear to have received much more attention than others, such as felids. Within the latter, some species, such as the caracal, appear not have been the focus of any enrichment study at all. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of 2 suspended swinging rope-covered barrels and of a sloped platform on the behavior and fecal cortisol levels of 3 caracals ( Caracal caracal), three servals ( Leptail- urus serval ) and 2 ocelots ( Leopardus pardalis ) in captivity. Animals were observed using a continuous focal animal rule in 4 experimental conditions (before enrichment, addition of the barrels, addition also of the sloped platform, withdrawal of both putative enrichments), repeated for 2 cycles. Fecal samples were collected for cortisol levels analysis. Generalized Estimation Equations, with individual as subject, and experimental condition, cycle, sex, species, and the interaction species by experimental condition as independent variables were used. Pairwise comparisons for experimental condition by species were done to test for significance after Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. All the three species showed more social affiliative behavior only when both the barrels and the platform were in the enclosures ( P ≤0.002), In all species, animals were more visible (i.e., less out of sight) already after the introduction of the first enrichment (hanging barrels, P ≤0.005). In the ocelots, fecal cortisol was higher in the base- line condition than in any other condition. Given the importance of affiliative social behavior in animal welfare, the addition of the barrels and the sloped platform appeared to be somewhat an effective envi- ronmental enrichment for the individuals under study
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
A case of progressive weight loss, dysorexia and behavioral changes in a geriatric camel (Camelus batracianus) with dental disorders.
No full textProgressive weight loss and behavioural changes in elderly animals could indicate serious underlying conditions and require accurate investigation. A 20-year-old intact male camel (Camelus bactrianus, 750kg) presented with a 5-month history of progressive reduction in physical condition, behavioural changes (agitation, nervousness, aggression, irritability), dysorexia and peculiar chewing. Xylazine 0.4mg/kg(300mg Xilagesic, Calier srl, Italy) and butorphanol 0.06mg/kg (50mg Dolorex, MSD-Animal Health srl, Italy) were administered intramuscularly to perform physical examination, blood sampling, abdominal ultrasound and oral radiographic imaging. Supplemental xylazine (0.4mg/kg, 300mg) and butorphanol (0.04mg/kg, 30mg) were administered intramuscularly when necessary to maintain sternal recumbency. Radiographic imaging showed the absence of the upper left first molar, the presence of broken teeth (lower left first and second molars) and osteolytic lesions. Mobile fractured dental fragments were removed, and all the sharp enamel points were rasped using motorized equipment and water-dip cooling (Macrima Pharmavet Srl, Italy). Atipamezole 0.06mg/kg (50mg Atipam, Dechra Veterinary Products srl, Italy) was administered intramuscularly 120 minutes after the first injection, and the camel was able to stand within 20 minutes. Physiological parameters (heart rate, respiratory rate, arterial blood pressure and oxygen saturation) were stable during procedures. Complete blood work and ultrasound examination were unremarkable. The camel gained weight, improved its physical condition and became calmer within 2 weeks. The prevalence of oral disorders ranges from 10 to 27% in camels over 10 years old. Loss of condition resulting from poor prehension, and improper mastication is quite common but changes in normal behaviour are probably underestimated in camels
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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