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Orphan nuclear receptor ERR alpha involvement in early metastatic dissemination process from breast cancer cells to bone
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Role of the orphan nuclear receptor ERRalpha in the development of breast cancer and prostate cancer bone metastases
No full textChez les patients atteints d’un cancer du sein ou de la prostate, le tissu osseux est souvent le siège de métastases qui présentent un phénotype essentiellement lytique dans le cas des métastases dérivant du cancer du sein, ou mixte (combinaison de lyse et de formation osseuse) dans le cas d’un cancer de la prostate. Le récepteur ERRalpha est impliqué dans la physiologie osseuse et il est considéré comme un facteur de mauvais pronostic dans ces deux types de cancers. Nous avons donc émis l’hypothèse qu'il pourrait être impliqué dans la formation des métastases osseuses associées à ces deux cancers. Nous avons observé que, dans les deux cas, ERRalpha stimule la progression tumorale au site primaire via la stimulation de l'angiogenèse et de l'expression du VEGF. Concernant les métastases osseuses dérivant du cancer du sein, ERRalpha inhibe les lésions ostéolytiques via la modulation de l'ostéoclastogenèse et de l'expression de son inhibiteur, l’OPG. A l'inverse, l'expression de ERRalpha stimule la formation de lésions lytiques induites par les cellules de cancer de la prostate en induisant l'expression du TGF-beta, de MCP-1 et de la cathépsine K, tout en induisant des zones de formation osseuse via la régulation de l'expression de l'OPG, de l’endothéline-1 et de membres de la famille Wnt. Ces résultats confirment la valeur de facteur de mauvais pronostic de ERRalpha dans la tumeur primaire. De plus, ils révèlent, pour la première fois, son implication dans le développement des métastases osseuses et suggèrent une dualité fonctionnelle de ERRalpha, comme inhibiteur et stimulateur du développement des métastases osseuses du cancer du sein et de la prostate, respectivement. Ces résultats suggèrent des mécanismes d'action différents pouvant dépendre des cellules tumorales mais aussi du microenvironnement et du statut hormonalBreast cancer and prostate cancer patients, often developed bone metastases. As ERRalpha, an orphan nuclear receptor, is involved in bone physiology and is considered as a bad prognosis factor in breast and prostate cancer, we hypothesize that it can be implicated in bone metastasis development that derived from breast and prostate cancers. While we found that, in both cases, ERRalpha stimulates the development of the primary tumor through regulation of angiogenesis and VEGF expression, we show that ERRalpha inhibits osteolytic lesions from breast cancer cells via the regulation of osteoclastogenesis and OPG expression. On the other side ERRalpha stimulates osteolytic lesions from prostate cancer through regulation of TGFbeta, MCP-1 and cathepsin K expression while inducing new bone formation combine with OPG, endothelin-1, and Wnts regulation. All together, our results confirmed ERRalpha as a bad prognosis factor in breast and prostate primary tumors. They also show a dual function of ERRalpha in bone metastasis development as an inhibitor and a stimulator of bone metastasis derived from breast and prostate cancer respectively which suggest different ERRalpha mechanisms that may depend of cancer cells but also of the microenvironment and hormonal statu
Energy metabolism in bone tumors : Fuel selection and adaptation
No full textInternational audienceIt has long been recognized that cancer cells exhibit altered patterns of metabolism that allow them to meet the biosynthetic demands of rapid proliferation and overcome metabolic stress imposed by the microenvironment. In this chapter, we aim to recapitulate knowledge on energetic metabolism and reprogramming in osteo-oncology. Diagnosis and staging of bone metastases using 18 Fluorine labeled Glucose, choline and folate and emission tomography and computerized tomography (PET/CT) reflect tumor cells energetic metabolism. Metabolites and associated gene regulators involved in bone metastases and/or osteosarcoma progression are also described including, glucose, lactate, amino-acid, cholesterol, fatty acids and derived mitochondrial activity ROS. Moreover several master regulators of energy metabolism in normal physiology, metabolic syndromes and cancer (PPARg, ERRa, PGC1a, CREB, MYC, RAS, EWS-FLI, TMPRSS2-ERG and mTOR) are identified in bone metastases and primary bone tumor. Interestingly, factors that were first detected in bone physiology (RANKL/OPG/RANK, Runx2, OPN, OCN, POSTN and SOST) have been recently identified as regulators of energetic metabolism. Finally, in clinic, treatments targeting metabolism (everolimus, statin,…) have an impact on bone metastases regression, suggesting that targeting energetic metabolism may constitute a new therapeutic pathway in osteo-oncology. Research Highlights: • High diversity of metabolic fuels to feed bone tumor. • Strong energetic metabolism genes program allow tumor cells to survive and progress in bone microenvironment. • Osteomimicry may contribute to bone tumor adaptation to their metabolic environment
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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