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Synapsis puluongensis Bui & Bonkowski 2018, sp. nov.
No full textSynapsis puluongensis sp. nov. (Figs 1 A–F, 2A,C,E) Type locality. Vietnam, Thanh Hoa Province, Puluong Nature Reserve, 20º28′54″N 105º14′31″E, 950 m a.s.l. Type material. HOLOTYPE: ♁ ‘ VIETNAM | THANH HOA Prov. | Pu Luong Nat. Reserve, near Ban Ba vill. | 20º28’54’’N 105º14’31’’E, 950 m | primary forest | 10.–25.iv.2016 | Van Bac Bui leg.’ (VNUF). PARATYPES (five specimens): ♁, ‘ VIETNAM | THANH HOA Prov. | Pu Luong Nat. Reserve, near Ban Ba vill. | 20º28’55’’N 105º14’29’’E, 958 m | primary forest | 10.–25.iv. 2016 | Van Bac Bui leg.’ (VNUF); ♀, ‘VIETNNAM | THANH HOA Prov. | Pu Luong Nat. Reserve, near Ban Ba vill. | 20º28’54’’N 105º14’29’’E, 954 m | primary forest | 10.–25.iv.2016 | Van Bien Nguyen leg.’ (VNUF); 3♀♀, ‘ VIETNAM | THANH HOA Prov. | Pu Luong Nat.Reserve, near Ban Ba vill. | 20º28’56’’N 105º14’28’’E, 956 m | primary forest | 10.–25.iv.2016 | Van Bac Bui leg.’ (2 PLNR, 1 NMPC). Diagnosis. Body length 17.2–18.5 mm, body width 10.4– 11.5 mm; hypomeral cavities not covered by macrosetae; mesepisternal cavities absent; genae unexpanded; frons unarmed; anterolateral angles of pronotum not protruding; elytral striae strongly punctate; elytral intervals impunctate, convex and glossy, interval 2 near base not swollen; ventral sides of metafemora densely punctate. Description of holotype (male). Body length 18.38 mm, body width 11.32 mm. Whole surface black, very shiny and glabrous. Margins of legs and pronotum with reddish- brown macrosetae. Head broad (HeadL 3.67 mm, HeadW 7.44 mm), extremely rugose anteriorly; posterior part sparsely punctate; fine punctures surrounding eyes. Anterior margin of clypeus bidentate, V-shaped, flexed upwards, with few reddish setae. Distance between apices of clypeal denticles (DDC) 1.43 mm. Genae rectangular, quite distinctly separated from clypeus and frons by well-defined suture with sculptural punctures. Genae closely and evenly punctate, with scanty reddish macrosetae. Frons glabrous and very unevenly punctate. Area surrounding eyes bearing more closely spaced and coarser punctures than base. Frons unarmed, only slightly swollen. Antennae composed of 9 antennomeres. Antennomere I 1.34 mm in length, longer than antennomeres II–IV combined (1.25 mm in length). Antennomeres I and II darker, bearing more yellow macrosetae than remaining antennomeres. Prothorax. Pronotum transverse (PronL 4.9 mm, PronW 10.08 mm), widest at anterior quarter, with two distinct lateral carinae at each side. Area between carinae black, matte, glabrous and not punctate. Outer margin of outer carina with dense reddish-brown macrosetae. Anterolateral angles short and not protruding. Punctures not evenly distributed, denser at sides. Only small area at anterior edge of pronotal collar microrugose. Hypomeral cavities present but shallow, sparsely punctate and not covered with macrosetae. Meso-metaventrum quite smooth, with a few scattered fine punctures at its anterior end, bearing posterior median groove and deep excavation near metacoxae. Pterothorax. Elytra (ElyL 11.4 mm, MWoI123: 2.51 mm) convex, very shiny, deeply striate; elytral striae strongly, densely punctate (DP10, 15: 1.03 mm); intervals smooth and impunctate. Interval 2 near base not swollen. Mesepimeron and metepisternum flat, granulose and without macrosetae. Legs. Protibia (ProTiL 3.30 mm, ProTiW 2.35 mm, ProTiSL 1.21 mm) tridentate, terminal tooth as long as protibial spur and nearly as long as protibial tarsus. Mesotibia (MesoTiL 3.34 mm, MesoTiW 1.33 mm, 1 stMesoTiSL 2.09 mm, 2 ndMesoTiSL 0.9 mm) and metatibia (MetaTiL 4.95 mm, MetaTiW 1.27 mm, MetaTiSL 1.55 mm) with red scanty macrosetae and slender spurs. Metatarsomeres nearly similar in size (MetaTaL 3.72 mm, MetaTa1L 1.08 mm, MetaTa1W 0.68 mm, MetaTa5W 0.32 mm). Abdomen and pygidium. Abdominal ventrites opaque, sparsely punctate, and narrower at midline. Pygidium (PyL 2.46 mm, PyW 4.5 mm) feebly convex, densely and transversely punctate and scabrous. Aedeagus (Figs 1E, F). Phallobase length 3.57 mm in lateral view, with strong swelling in middle of basal suture. Parameres length 2.19 mm (in lateral view), triangle-shaped. Phallobase and parameres forming angle> 130º. Sexual dimorphism. Females differ from males in their weaker elytral striae, and meso- and metatrochanters with sparser reddish-brown macrosetae (absent in some specimens). Sexes also differ in the shape and strength of the metafemoral tooth, which is stronger in males. Compound eyes black in females but reddish brown in males. Morphometrics. See Table 1. Differential diagnosis. Synapsis puluongensis sp. nov. belongs to the S. birmanica group, as indicated by a combination of the following characters: hypomeral cavities present, genae unexpanded, frons unarmed, mesepisternal cavities absent, and upper longitudinal carina of male metatibia without brush of rusty setae. Species of the S. birmanica group may be clearly distinguished from those of S. ovalis, S. brahmina and S. tmolus groups by the presence of hypomeral cavities. The S. ritsemae group has expanded genae, in which it differs from the species of the S. birmanica group whose genae are unexpanded. Synapsis puluongensis sp. nov. can be distinguished from other known species of the group by the following characters: in S. puluongensis the elytral interval 2 is not swollen near the base (swollen in S. yama from northern and central Vietnam and Laos, S. horaki from northern Vietnam, S. dickinsoni from northern Thailand: Phukieo, S. ochii from northern Thailand: Chiang Mai and in S. masumotoi from Taiwan). Characters on the metafemora and elytral striae clearly differentiate S. puluongensis sp. nov. from the other species of the S. birmanica group recorded in Vietnam: both S. puluongensis sp. nov. and S. horaki have densely punctured metafemora on the ventral side, while S. yama has no punctures on the metafemur. In addition, S. puluongensis sp. nov. has coarse and closely spaced punctures on the elytral striae, which are absent or extremely weak in S. horaki (Figs 2 A–D). Synapsis puluongensis sp. nov. has hypomeral cavities without macrosetae, which distinguishes it from S. birmanica (hypomeral cavities are covered by a brush of rusty macrosetae). The new species has deep striae, whereas in S. birmanica the striae are feeble (Figs 2 E–F). Synapsis puluongensis sp. nov. is morphologically similar to S. naxiorum in its black and shiny dorsal side. However, the new species can be distinguished from S. naxiorum in having more punctures on the ventral side of the metafemora; elytral striae more densely punctate, intervals not punctate, and hypomeral cavities devoid of rusty setae (Figs 2A,G). The entire surface of S. puluongensis sp. nov. is black and shiny, in contrast to the opaque surface of S. punctata from Myanmar and S. roslihashimi from Malaysia. In addition, S. puluongensis sp. nov. has convex intervals, whereas S. roslihashimi and S. punctata have flat or only weakly convex intervals. In S. punctata and S. roslihashimi all margins of intervals are punctate, whereas they are impunctate in the new species. The new species can also be distinguished from S. punctata and S. roslihashimi by the absence of hypomeral rusty macrosetae. Etymology. The specific epithet puluongensis refers to the name of the type locality, Nature Reserve Puluong, Thanh Hoa Province, central Vietnam; adjective. Biology. The new species was collected in primary forests on limestone bedrock. The primary forests are characterized by a complex structure with various storeys, comprising an upper storey with emergent trees more than 35 m tall, belonging to Dipterocarpaceae and Combretaceae, a dominant lower storey (various tree species from 15 to 30 m tall), and a brush layer on the forest floor containing various herbs (Urticaceae, Araceae, Begoniaceae), lianas and parasitic plants (Connaraceae, Fabaceae, Orchidaceae, Loranthaceae).Published as part of Bui, Van Bac & Bonkowski, Michael, 2018, Synapsis puluongensis sp. nov. and redescription of S. horaki (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), with a key to Vietnamese species, pp. 407-418 in Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae (Acta. Ent. Mus. Natl. Pragae) (Acta. Ent. Mus. Natl. Pragae) 58 (2) on pages 408-413, DOI: 10.2478/aemnp-2018-0032, http://zenodo.org/record/450489
Do soil protozoa enhance plant growth by hormonal effects?
No full textWe investigated changes in root morphology of watercress seedlings (Lepidium sativum L.) and effects on the composition of the rhizosphere bacterial community to test the hypothesis that rhizosphere protozoa affect plant growth by a grazing-induced stimulation of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria. The presence of Acanthamoebae (Protozoa: Amoebida) induced changes in root morphology of watercress seedlings as soon as the root protruded from the seed. The root system was greater and more branched. These changes resembled hormonal effects and were accompanied by an increase in the proportion of auxin, indolyl-3-acetic acid (IAA) producing rhizosphere bacteria. IAA did not originate from amoebal metabolism, but resulted from changes in the composition and activity of the microbial community. Therefore, amoebae affected both the functioning and turnover of rhizosphere microoganisms. We propose a new mechanism based on hormonal effects of protozoa on root growth. Protozoa function as bacteria-mediated mutualists promoting plant growth by hormonal feed-back mechanisms and nutrient effects based on nutrient release from grazed bacterial biomass, i.e. the microbial-loop. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved
Z historii tureckiej farmacji. Bonkowski Pasza – pierwszy chemik pałacu osmańskiego
No full textThe aim of this article is to present the person and achievements of Miralay Bonkowski Pasha (1841–1905), an Istanbul-born scientist and lecturer of Polish descent, about whose life little is known.
Bonkowski’s articles and reports in nineteenth-century periodicals such as: Gazette Mediale d’Orient (1868–1904); Journal de la Société de Pharmacie de Constantinople (1879): L’Osmanlı (1884–1885) and Revue Medico-Pharmaceutique 10/3 (1888–1897) constitute the source basis of this article. The literature used in the paper thereof consists of historical studies (including those related to the history of pharmacy) and takes into account the latest state of scientific research, published mainly in Turkish, but also in Polish.
This paper uses the method of historical analysis of sources, mainly journal articles and reports, in the context of properly selected historical literature. In the light of the sources and studies, Bonkowski appears to be a socially committed scientist, taking into account a modern perspective in his research, perfectly combining scientific theory with practice. Bonkowski sought to combine science and practice with the common good in mind, bringing chemistry issues into everyday practice and offering innovative and practical solutions in this regard. Thanks to his knowledge and skills, he was appointed by the state authorities to many commissions aimed at solving key current problems, such as: raising the level of public health (e.g. by analyzing water, food, or medicines), fighting infectious diseases (cholera epidemic), protecting vineyards from destruction due to disease, initiating the production of rose essence (a cosmetic widely used in the Ottoman state). Bonkowski, the first chemist-in-chief of the Ottoman palace, worked for many years in various institutions and organizations of the Ottoman state, played a key role in the establishment and development of public health, chemistry, and pharmaceutical professions in the Ottoman state. He made a breakthrough in the field of health. At the same time, with his chemical research and his studies of infectious diseases, especially cholera, he made significant contributions to Turkish science.Celem niniejszego artykułu jest przedstawienie sylwetki i zaprezentowanie dokonań Miralaya Bonkowskiego Paszy (1841–1905) – urodzonego w Stambule naukowca i wykładowcy polskiego pochodzenia, o którego biografii niewiele wiadomo.
Podstawę źródłową niniejszego artykułu stanowią artykuły i raporty Bonkowskiego, zamieszczone w dziewiętnastowiecznych czasopismach, takich jak: „Gazette Mediale d’Orient” (1868–1904), „Journal de la Société de Pharmacie de Constantinople” (1879), „L’Osmanlı” (1884–1885), „Revue Medico-Pharmaceutique” (1888–1897). Wykorzystana literatura przedmiotu składa się z opracowań o charakterze historycznym (w tym odnoszących się m.in. do historii farmacji), uwzględniających najnowszy stan badań naukowych, opublikowanych głównie w języku tureckim, a także w języku polskim.
W artykule zastosowano metodę analizy historycznej źródeł, głównie artykułów i raportów czasopiśmiennych, w kontekście odpowiednio dobranej literatury przedmiotu o charakterze historycznym.
W świetle źródeł i opracowań Bonkowski jawi się jako naukowiec zaangażowany społecznie, uwzględniający w swoich badaniach nowoczesną perspektywę, doskonale łączący teorię naukową z praktyką. Bonkowski starał się łączyć naukę i praktykę pro publico bono, wprowadzając do codziennej praktyki zagadnienia z zakresu chemii oraz proponując nowatorskie i praktyczne rozwiązania. Ze względu na swą wiedzę i umiejętności, był powoływany przez władze państwa do wielu komisji mających na celu rozwiązanie kluczowych problemów, takich jak: podniesienie poziomu zdrowia publicznego (m.in. przez analizę wód, żywności, leków), zwalczanie chorób zakaźnych (walka z epidemią cholery), ochrona winnic przed zniszczeniem na skutek choroby, zapoczątkowanie produkcji esencji różanej (kosmetyku szeroko stosowanego w państwie osmańskim). Bonkowski, pierwszy chemik naczelny pałacu osmańskiego, przez wiele lat pracując w rozmaitych instytucjach i organizacjach państwa osmańskiego, odegrał kluczową rolę w ustanowieniu i rozwoju publicznej służby zdrowia, chemii oraz zawodów farmaceutycznych w państwie osmańskim. Tym samym dokonał przełomu w dziedzinie zdrowia. Jednocześnie, prowadząc badania chemiczne oraz zajmując się studiami nad chorobami zakaźnymi, zwłaszcza cholerą, wniósł znaczący wkład w turecką naukę
Fig. 1 in Synapsis puluongensis sp. nov. and redescription of S. horaki (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), with a key to Vietnamese species
No full textFig. 1. Synapsis puluongensis sp. nov. A–B – male, holotype. C–D – female, paratype. E – aedeagus, lateral view. F – aedeagus, dorsal view.Published as part of Bui, Van Bac & Bonkowski, Michael, 2018, Synapsis puluongensis sp. nov. and redescription of S. horaki (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), with a key to Vietnamese species, pp. 407-418 in Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae (Acta. Ent. Mus. Natl. Pragae) 58 (2) on page 409, DOI: 10.2478/aemnp-2018-0032, http://zenodo.org/record/450489
Contrasting effects of microbial partners in the rhizosphere: interactions between Norway spruce seedlings (Picea abies Karst.), mycorrhiza (Paxillus involutus (Batsch) Fr.) and naked amoebae (Protozoa)
No full textThe importance of the soil microbial community for plant mineral nutrition and nutrient cycling has long been recognized. One of the most important interactions is the symbiosis of plants with mycorrhizas. In contrast, the effects of soil microfauna on plant performance have so far received little attention, although soil protozoa in particular, have been shown to beneficially affect plant growth. We investigated in a laboratory experiment the impact of mycorrhiza and protozoa and their interaction on plant performance. Spruce seedlings with or without the ectomycorrhizal fungus Paxillus involutus (Batsch) Fr. were grown in microcosm chambers with defaunated forest soil with naked amoebae (Acanthamoeba sp.) or without protozoa for 10 months. The presence of protozoa resulted in the development of a more complex root system by increasing root length (51%), length of fine roots (64%) and number of root tips (43%). The effects of protozoa were more pronounced in the absence of mycorrhiza. In contrast to protozoa, the presence of mycorrhiza resulted in a less complex root system, i.e. root length, length of fine roots and number of root tips were reduced by 47, 47 and 40%, respectively. Shoot height, and stem, shoot and needle mass were at a maximum in the combined treatment with both mycorrhiza and protozoa. The presence of mycorrhiza and protozoa also affected plant nutrient concentrations. In treatments with protozoa shoots of spruce seedlings contained less nitrogen, leading, e.g. to an increased C/N ratio in needles. Conversely, in treatments with mycorrhiza concentrations of phosphorus in needles were increased by a factor of almost two. Mycorrhiza and protozoa also affected rhizosphere microorganisms. Microbial biomass was reduced in the presence of mycorrhiza, mainly due to a reduction in bacterial numbers. Conversely, in the presence of protozoa the length of hyphae in the rhizosphere was reduced. It is concluded that the plant-mycorrhiza mutualism and the bacteria-mediated mutualism between plants and protozoa (microbial loop) complement each other; plant resources presumably are allocated to optimize simultaneous exploitation of both mutualistic relationships. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved
Fig. 6 in Synapsis puluongensis sp. nov. and redescription of S. horaki (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), with a key to Vietnamese species
No full textFig. 6. Dorsal habitus, ventral surface of femora and mesepisternal cavities. A, C, D – Synapsis ovalis Boucomont, 1920; B, E, F – S. strnadi Král, 2002.Published as part of Bui, Van Bac & Bonkowski, Michael, 2018, Synapsis puluongensis sp. nov. and redescription of S. horaki (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), with a key to Vietnamese species, pp. 407-418 in Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae (Acta. Ent. Mus. Natl. Pragae) 58 (2) on page 417, DOI: 10.2478/aemnp-2018-0032, http://zenodo.org/record/450489
Fig 5. Dorsal habitus. A in Synapsis puluongensis sp. nov. and redescription of S. horaki (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), with a key to Vietnamese species
No full textFig 5. Dorsal habitus. A – Synapsis simplex Sharp, 1875. B – S. tridens Sharp, 1881Published as part of Bui, Van Bac & Bonkowski, Michael, 2018, Synapsis puluongensis sp. nov. and redescription of S. horaki (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), with a key to Vietnamese species, pp. 407-418 in Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae (Acta. Ent. Mus. Natl. Pragae) 58 (2) on page 416, DOI: 10.2478/aemnp-2018-0032, http://zenodo.org/record/450489
Effects of earthworms and organic litter distribution on plant performance and aphid reproduction
No full textHuman management practices and large detritivores such as earthworms incorporate plant litter into the soil, thereby forming a heterogeneous soil environment from which plant roots extract nutrients. In a greenhouse experiment we investigated effects of earthworms and spatial distribution of N-15-labelled grass litter on plants of different functional groups [Lolium perenne (grass), Plantago lanceolata (forb), Trifolium repens (legume)]. Earthworms enhanced shoot and root growth in L. perenne and P. lanceolata and N uptake from organic litter and soil in all plant species. Litter concentrated in a patch (compared with litter mixed homogeneously into the soil) increased shoot biomass and N-15 uptake from the litter in L. perenne and enhanced root proliferation in P. lanceolata when earthworms were present. Growth of clover (T. repens) was rather independent of the presence of earthworms and organic litter distribution: nevertheless, clover took up more nitrogen in the presence of earthworms and exploited more N-15 from the added litter than the other plant species. The magnitude of the effects of earthworms and organic litter distribution differed between the plant species, indicating different responses of plants with contrasting root morphology. Aphid (Myzus persicae) reproduction was reduced on P. lanceolata in the presence of earthworms. We suggest that earthworm activity may indirectly alter plant chemistry and hence defence mechanisms against herbivores
The model predator Acanthamoeba castellanii induces the production of 2,4, DAPG by the biocontrol strain Pseudomonas fluorescens Q2-87
No full textFluorescent pseudomonads show great potential as biological control agents due to their capability to produce antifungal toxins such as 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (DAPG). DAPG is synthesized from the precursor monoacetyl-phloroglucinol (MAPG) and its production depends on the metabolic state of the bacteria as well as on their interaction with other organisms. In this study we show that Pseudomonas fluorescens responds to the bacterivorous amoeba Acanthamoeba castellanii by upregulating the production of phloroglucinol derivates in a density-dependent manner. Living amoebae caused moreover a distortion of the MAPG to DAPG balance in favor of the latter, suggesting that amoebae may interfere with the first steps of DAPG synthesis. Predator-prey interactions appear thus to be an important factor for the regulation of antibiotics production in biocontrol microorganisms. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, US
Checklist of beetles in the subgenus Copris (Paracopris) Balthasar from Asia with description of a new species, and redescription of Copris (Paracopris) punctulatus Wiedemann (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)
No full textBui, Van Bac, Ziegler, Thomas, Bonkowski, Michael (2019): Checklist of beetles in the subgenus Copris (Paracopris) Balthasar from Asia with description of a new species, and redescription of Copris (Paracopris) punctulatus Wiedemann (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae). Zootaxa 4712 (1): 51-64, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4712.1.
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