117,688 research outputs found
ED-XRF analysis for Cultural Heritage: Is quantitative evaluation always essential?
No full textEnergy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence (ED-XRF) is a very suitable tool for examination of Cultural Heritage materials because of its simplicity, with no requirement for any sample preparation and the possibility of operating with portable instruments, and it can probably be considered the most useful non-destructive analytical technique for ancient valuable objects of archaeological, historical or artistic interest. As regards the possibility of getting quantitative analysis in archaeometric applications, the problems arising from the limited sensitivity in detecting low Z elements, the irregular shape or the non-homogeneous composition of the sample have generated a widespread opinion that only semi-quantitative analyses are possible in XRF applications to archaeometry. In fact, this is always true for non-homogeneous samples as, typically, painting layers. On the contrary, the problems deriving from limited sensitivity in detecting matrix light elements as well as from irregular surface under analysis can be solved in most cases. Notwithstanding, working on unique and not standardized objects requires to pay attention on details and to know how to choose correct parameters and calculation algorithms to obtain reliable results. Indeed opportunities to deal with these objects are very limited and results have implication in other fields, so that each information about materials and production technique is of great interest. Two typical materials of archaeological interest showing particular features are considered - namely high corroded metallic artefacts and ceramics - revealing that, even if in cultural heritage field detailed quantitative analysis is the goal, it is not always necessary as also qualitative information by XRF spectra increase the knowledge of artefact
Di mescole e di strati : i pigmenti di Mantegna nella pala di San Zeno secondo le analisi integrate EDXRF e vis-RS
No full textTrue versus forged in the cultural heritage materials : the role of PXRF analysis
No full textForensic and cultural heritage scientific analyses have several similarities. Indeed, they both deal with unique, ‘precious’ and often
quantitatively very limited objects, which have to be preserved as much as possible. Whenever analytical examination is needed,
similar requirements have to bemet. Furthermore, also in cultural heritage, field scientists are looking for answers about the story
behind the artefact, trying to help discovering its provenance, proving its authenticity or supporting a conscious restoration
(a wrong knowledge about ancient material caused destructive conservation intervention even in recent times).
Energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis is thus one of the best approaches mainly for the possibility to perform both
qualitative and quantitative analyses without losing sample. Moreover, last generation handheld spectrometers allow to perform
analytical investigation almost anywhere.
In the present paper, after a brief excursus about the possibility of getting answers through energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence
analysis for the most common archaeometric materials, we present a few peculiar case studies in which scientific examination
proved to be helpful in solving historical and archaeological uncertainty
Legal-administrative intermediation in the migration field. An introduction
No full textLegal-administrative intermediation is crucial for migrants to access rights and statuses. This paper traces the roots of intermediation across various disciplines and examines its role in migration studies. It draws on scholarship about the migration industry, humanitarianism, legal sociology, and street-level bureaucracy, and
synthesises insights from seven articles in this special issue. The paper explores how intermediaries operate at local, national, and transnational levels, becoming essential due to the complexity and discretionary implementation of migration and naturalisation laws. It also investigates how intermediation practises reflect diverse ethics – characterising professional, political, affective, and interpersonal connections
– and considers the extent to which these practices arise from (and reproduce) asymmetrical and intersectional power dynamics, shaping the (de)politicisation of migration justice
Shifting geographical configurations in migrant families: narratives of children reunited with their mothers in Italy
No full textThe article explores the experiences of separation and reunification by children of migrant mothers in Italy by analysing 32 qualitative interviews conducted with adolescents who had rejoined their mothers at different points in their lives. We show that international migration causes children to face multiple shifts in the configuration of their family ties due to the geographical dislocations and re-locations to which these ties are subject. The way in which children interpret and adjust to these changes depends on factors such as the timing of the family migration process and the frequency of transnational family practices, which are affected by more or less abrupt discontinuities in family life after their mothers’ and their own departure.Der Aufsatz untersucht die Erfahrungen von Trennung und Wiedervereinigung von Kindern und gewanderten Müttern in Italien anhand der Analyse von 32 qualitativen Interviews, durchgeführt mit Heranwachsenden, die zu unterschiedlichen Zeitpunkten ihres Lebens wieder mit ihren Müttern vereint wurden. Wir zeigen, dass internationale Migration die Ursache ist, dass Kinder mehrfach Veränderungen in der Zusammensetzung ihrer familiären Bindungen ausgesetzt sind, die aus der räumlichen Trennung und Wiedervereinigung resultieren, von der diese Bindungen abhängig sind. Die Art, in der Kinder diese Wechsel interpretieren und sich ihnen anpassen, hängt von Faktoren wie dem Zeitpunkt des familiären Wanderungsprozesses und der Häufigkeit transnationaler Familienpraktiken ab, die von den mehr oder weniger abrupten Unterbrechungen des Familienlebens nach der Abreise der Mutter und des Kindes beeinflusst werden
Constants and label-equivalence: A decision procedure for reflexive regular splicing languages
No full textAbstractA structural characterization of reflexive splicing languages has been recently given in [P. Bonizzoni, C. De Felice, R. Zizza, The structure of reflexive regular splicing languages via Schützenberger constants, Theoretical Computer Science 334 (2005) 71–98] and [P. Bonizzoni, G. Mauri, Regular splicing languages and subclasses, Theoretical Computer Science 340 (2005) 349–363] showing surprising connections between long standing notions in formal language theory, the syntactic monoid and Schützenberger constant and the splicing operation.In this paper, we provide a procedure to decide whether a regular language is a reflexive splicing language, based on the above-mentioned characterization that is given in terms of a finite set of constants for the language. The procedure relies on the notion of label-equivalence that induces a finite refinement of the syntactic monoid of a regular language L. A finite set of representatives for label-equivalent classes of constant words in L is defined and it is proved that such a finite set provides the splice sites of splicing rules generating language L
Famiglie migranti e legami di solidarietà
No full textRapporti intergenerazionali tra genitori e figli immigrati, aspettative, conflitti, ambivalenze.
Una ricerca qualitativa su genitori e figli immigrati che vivono a milan
Application of Macro X-ray Fluorescence Fast Mapping to Thickness Estimation of Layered Pigments
No full textEven though X-ray fluorescence (XRF) is strictly an atomic method, this technique has
been developed mostly at research centers for nuclear physics. One of its most valuable variations
is the mapping mode that allows it to shift XRF from a punctual to an image technique. Macro
X-ray Fluorescence (MA-XRF) is a widespread analytical technique applied in cultural heritage
for characterizing the elemental composition of pigments with a non-destructive, rapid and green
approach. When dealing with cultural heritage materials, the sustainability of the applied techniques
is directly linked to the limited impact on the work of art. MA-XRF can reveal hidden sub-surface
layers or restorations, but, nonetheless, it is hardly adopted for estimating the thickness of layers
without resorting to complex Monte Carlo simulations or without combining information from
other techniques. Exploiting the recurrent presence of lead white under pictorial layers in historical
artworks, we perform a calibration on stand-alone layers produced ad hoc for the relative absorption
of Pb L fluorescence lines, and then, their ratio is successfully used to estimate the thickness of azurite
and ultramarine blue layers over lead white. The final result is rendered as a heatmap, easy to present
to non-technical personnel frequently involved in the cultural heritage field. The new proposed
procedure for calculating layer thickness extends the concept of non-invasive applications, paving
the way to the possibility of performing stratigraphy without sampling
Cross-Border Families and Social Issues: A Sociological Analysis
No full textThis book is built upon the outcomes of the EUFam's Project, financially supported by the EU Civil Justice Programme and led by the University of Milan. Also involved are the Universities of Heidelberg, Osijek, Valencia and Verona, the MPI in Luxembourg, the Italian and Spanish Family Lawyers Associations and training academies for judges in Italy and Croatia. The book seeks to offer an exhaustive overview of the regulatory framework of private international law in family and succession matters. The book addresses current features of the Brussels IIa, Rome III, Maintenance and Succession Regulations, the 2007 Hague Protocol, the 2007 Hague Recovery Convention and new Regulations on Property Regimes
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