1,721,044 research outputs found
Pathology of Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: Morphological, Immunophenotypical, and Circulating Molecular Markers
No full textCytological diagnoses associated with noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasms with papillary-like nuclear features according to the Bethesda System for reporting thyroid cytopathology: a systematic review and meta-analysis
No full textBackground: The recent introduction of noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasms with papillary-like nuclear features (NIFTP) in the World Health Organization classification of thyroid tumors has significantly modified the risk of malignancy of cytological diagnoses. In fact, while this tumor was previously classified as a carcinoma (the encapsulated, noninvasive form follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma), it is now considered a neoplasm with low malignant potential. Given that the cytological features of NIFTP are not specific and overlap with other pathologic entities, there is no specific cytological diagnostic category for NIFTP. To obtain more robust information about the cytological findings associated with NIFTP, published articles were systematically reviewed, and a meta-analysis of the data was conducted. Methods: The review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. A comprehensive literature search of the PubMed/MEDLINE and Scopus databases was conducted using a combination of terms "noninvasive," "encapsulated," "follicular variant," "NIFTP," and "thyroid cancer." The search was updated to June 2018, and references of the retrieved articles were also screened. Only original articles reporting the classification of histologically proven NIFTPs with cytological findings according to The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology were eligible for inclusion. Results: The literature search revealed 117 articles, of which 15 were included in the study. All studies were retrospective. A total of 915 NIFTP cases were retrieved. The incidence of cases cytologically classified according to the Bethesda system was as follows: non-diagnostic 3%, benign 10%, atypia of undetermined significance or follicular lesion of undetermined significance 30%, follicular neoplasm or suspicious for a follicular neoplasm 21%, suspicious for malignancy 24%, and malignant 8%. Mild heterogeneity between the studies was found. Publication bias was absent. Conclusions: This meta-analysis shows that the cytological diagnoses associated with NIFTP by fine-needle aspiration cytology includes a wide spectrum of findings. The majority of cases are cytologically indeterminate, and the remainder may be read as non-diagnostic, benign, or malignant. In order to develop an accurate presurgical diagnosis of these cases, further cytological and/or molecular characteristics need to be identified
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Approach to cytological indeterminate thyroid nodules
No full textThe indeterminate thyroid nodules diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC)represents a problem for both cytopathologists and clinicians. The former sometimes use this diagnostic category as a sort of basket, putting in cases that they do not know exactly how to classify. The latter are faced with a highly variable risk of malignancy and consequently the management remains a challenge. On the histopathological side, the new WHO classification of tumors of the thyroid introduced the concept of tumors with uncertain and low malignant potential, and the concept of non-invasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features (NIFTP), whose prognosis and management are still to be completely elucidated. While the risk of malignancy of the indeterminate diagnostic category has decreased due to the re-classification of certain types of papillary thyroid carcinomas of the follicular variant into a low malignant potential form (the NIFTP), cases diagnosed cytologically as indeterminate will probably increase in the future to avoid false positive diagnosis. Thus, the indeterminate thyroid diagnostic category still remains a challenge, both at the diagnostic level and for its management. The new version of the Bethesda system for reporting thyroid cytopathology suggests managing these patients with a repeat FNA, diagnostic lobectomy and/or molecular testing
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Testing for BRAF (V600E) Mutation in Thyroid Nodules with Fine-Needle Aspiration (FNA) Read as Suspicious for Malignancy (Bethesda V, Thy4, TIR4): a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
No full textIn patients with thyroid fine-needle aspiration (FNA) report of suspicious for malignancy (SFM), both lobectomy and thyroidectomy might be considered. BRAF mutation analysis could guide towards accurate surgical therapy. The primary outcome was the reliability of BRAF (V600E) in detecting malignancy in nodules with FNA reading of SFM. The secondary outcome was to analyze its positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) considering the surgical histology as gold standard. A literature search of online databases was performed in June 2019. BRAF prevalence among thyroid nodules with FNA read as SFM according to the most popular classification systems (i.e., Bethesda V, Thy4, TIR4 category) was searched. The random-effects model was used. Three hundred sixty original articles were identified and 34 were finally included in the study. There were 1428 thyroid nodules with FNA read as SFM and 1287 (90.1%) lesions underwent surgery with a cancer rate 89.6%. The pooled prevalence of BRAF (V600E) mutation among all nodules with SFM cytology was 47% (95% CI = 40 to 54, I2 = 85.5%). Pooled PPV and NPV of BRAF testing were 99% (95% CI, 97-99) and 24% (95% CI, 16-32), respectively. BRAF (V600E) mutation was found in about one in two nodules with thyroid FNA read as SFM, its PPV to detect cancers was excellent, and its NPV was very poor. The routine BRAF testing in FNA read as SFM cannot be recommended. BRAF (V600E) test may be useful to extend surgical approach in selected cases with further suspicious clinical/ultrasound features
Lung tumors with mixed histologic pattern. Clinico-pathologic characteristics and prognostic significance
No full textBRAF-mutated carcinomas among thyroid nodules with prior indeterminate FNA report: A systematic review and meta-analysis
No full textBackground Several molecular analyses have been investigated
for risk stratification of thyroid nodules, with a particular focus
on the V600E mutation of the BRAF gene [BRAF(V600E)]. To
date, there is no high-level evidence supporting or refuting a
role for BRAF analysis in thyroid nodules with prior indeterminate
cytology. To obtain more robust evidence, we reviewed and
meta-analysed data from published articles.
Research Design and Methods A comprehensive literature
search of the PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase and Scopus databases
was conducted using the terms ‘BRAF’, ‘thyroid’ and ‘indeterminate’.
The search was updated until March 2015, and references
of the retrieved articles were also screened. Only original articles
reporting BRAF mutation testing within nodules with indeterminate
FNA were eligible for inclusion.
Results The literature search revealed 82 articles, of which 8
were eligible for the study. Five studies were prospective and
three retrospective. The majority of authors analysed BRAF
mutations in FNA samples which were classified by the British
or Bethesda system. Of the initial series of studies, a pooled
number of 1361 cases were achieved of which 43 were BRAF
mutated. Overall, the BRAF mutation rate was 46% (95% CI:
1–108%), ranging from 0 to 229%. When we included only
histological series, 978 thyroid nodules were found. Of these,
245 were cancers.
Conclusions A very low rate of lesions with indeterminate
cytology are BRAF mutated. Thus, the role of this biomarker to
detect or exclude cancers in patients with such FNA reports is
marginal and should be reconsidered in guideline
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