1,720,954 research outputs found
Preclinical approaches in vulvovaginal candidiasis treatment with mucoadhesive thermoresponsive systems containing propolis
Get PDFOrientador: Prof.ª Dr.ª Terezinha Inez Estivalet SvidzinskiCoorientador: Prof.ª Dr.ª Patricia de Souza Bonfim de MendonçaDissertação (mestrado em Biociências e Fisiopatologia) - Universidade Estadual de Maringá, 201856 f. : il. (algumas color.)
Therapeutic alternatives for the treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis : pre-clinical and clinical studies
Get PDFOrientador: Prof.ª Dr.ª Terezinha Inez Estivalet SvidzinskiCoorientador: Prof.ª Dr.ª Patricia de Souza Bonfim de MendonçaTese (doutorado Biociências e Fisiopatologia) - Universidade Estadual de Maringá, 2024RESUMO: A candidíase vulvovaginal (CVV) é uma vaginite muito comum que afeta mulheres, especialmente em idade fértil, causada, em 80% dos casos, pela Candida albicans. Outras espécies, como C. glabrata, C. tropicalis e C. parapsilosis, são responsáveis por uma menor proporção de infecções, com um perfil de resistência crescente aos antifúngicos convencionais. Atualmente, os protocolos de tratamento da CVV baseiam-se na classificação clínica em CVV complicada e CVV não-complicada, que estratifica a infecção de acordo com a intensidade e frequência das manifestações clínicas, bem como as espécies envolvidas em sua causa. No contexto terapêutico, considerando o limitado arsenal de fármacos disponível e o crescente perfil de resistência fúngica, a busca de novas fontes terapêuticas, com baixa toxicidade e fácil administração, deve ser incentivada. A violeta de genciana (VG) é um corante catiônico, derivado da anilina, também conhecida como cristal violeta. Devido ao seu baixo custo e facilidade de uso, desde o século XIX ela tem sido utilizada em monoterapias e também como adjuvante de diversos tratamentos, com muitos efeitos antibacteriano e antifúngico. A própolis também tem sido utilizada no tratamento de diversas doenças, considerando sua composição e suas propriedades farmacológicas que permitem sua ampla aplicabilidade. Ela se destaca como um potencial agente antifúngico, além de outras importantes propriedades e aplicabilidades já bem descritas na literatura. Sendo assim, esse estudo objetivou investigar a eficácia in vitro e in vivo da violeta de genciana em um modelo murino de CVV, bem como a eficácia do Sistema Mucoadesivo Termorresponsivo contendo própolis à 16% (MTSP) no tratamento de mulheres com CVV. As metodologias envolveram avaliações antifúngicas in vitro e in vivo, avaliação histológica e por microscopia eletrônica de varredura da mucosa vaginal, e dosagem de citocinas para os testes da VG; e teste de susceptibilidade in vitro, cultura fúngica, testes microbiológicos e clínicos para a formulação de própolis. Os resultados obtidos para os testes com a VG mostraram uma atividade antifúngica expressiva, tanto dos testes in vitro, inibindo o crescimento de 90% dos isolados clínicos, assim como nos modelos in vivo, com uma expressiva redução da carga fúngica de pelo menos 2log10 CFU/m no grupo tratado; além disso, foi observado uma reorganização das camadas epiteliais e uma modulação positiva da resposta inflamatória e imunológica nos grupos tratados com a VG, se comparado ao controle. Estes resultados foram semelhantes, e até superiores, dependendo do tempo de tratamento com a VG, quando comparados à nistatina. Assim também, os resultados dos testes clínicos, em mulheres, com o MTPS a 16% foram muito positivos, visto que trouxeram a cura clínica para 70% das mulheres tratadas e uma melhora substancial dos sintomas para 20% das remanescentes; além disso, observamos uma excelente resposta na análise e controle de cura laboratorial, por meio da contagem da carga fúngica, com cura de 80% das pacientes com CVV tratadas com essa formulação, sem qualquer efeito adverso relatado além com ótima avaliação na experiência de uso, relatada pelas pacientes tratadas. Por fim, as formulações de VG e MTSP apresentaram bom desempenho contra Candida sp em testes in vitro e in vivo, destacando-se como duas oportunidades promissoras e seguras para o tratamento da CVV, incentivando mais pesquisas que explorem esses compostos para o mesmo fim terapêuticoABSTRACT:Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is a very common vaginitis that affects women, especially of childbearing age, caused, in 80% of cases, by Candida albicans. Other species, such as C. glabrata, C. tropicalis and C. parapsilosis, are responsible for a smaller proportion of infections, with an increasing resistance profile to conventional antifungals. Currently, VVC treatment protocols are based on the clinical classification into complicated VVC and uncomplicated VVC, which stratifies the infection according to the intensity and frequency of clinical manifestations, as well as the species involved in its cause. In the therapeutic context, considering the limited arsenal of drugs available and the growing profile of fungal resistance, the search for new therapeutic sources, with low toxicity and easy administration, should be encouraged. Gentian violet (GV) is a cationic dye, derived from aniline, also known as crystal violet. Due to its low cost and ease of use, since the 19th century it has been used in monotherapies and also as an adjuvant in various treatments, with many antibacterial and antifungal effects. Propolis has also been used in the treatment of various diseases, considering its composition and pharmacological properties that allow its wide applicability. It stands out as a potential antifungal agent, in addition to other important properties and applicability already well described in the literature. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the in vitro and in vivo efficacy of gentian violet in a murine model of VVC, as well as the efficacy of the Thermoresponsive Mucoadhesive System containing propolis at 16% (MTSP) in the treatment of women with VVC. The methodologies involved in vitro and in vivo antifungal evaluations, histological and scanning electron microscopy evaluation of the vaginal mucosa, and cytokine dosage for GV tests; and in vitro susceptibility testing, fungal culture, microbiological and clinical tests for the propolis formulation The results obtained for tests with VG showed significant antifungal activity, both in in vitro tests, inhibiting the growth of 90% of clinical isolates, and in in vivo models, with a significant reduction in fungal load at least 2log10 CFU/mL; more than this, it was noted a reorganization of the layers epithelial cells and a positive modulation of the inflammatory and immunological response in the treated groups, compared to the control. These results were similar, and even superior, depending on the length of treatment with VG, when compared to nystatin. Likewise, the results of clinical tests, in women, with the MTPS at 16% were very positive, as they brought clinical cure to 70% of the women treated and a substantial improvement in symptoms for the remaining 20%; Furthermore, we observed an excellent response in the analysis and control of laboratory cure, by counting the fungal load, with cure of 80% of patients with VVC treated with this formulation, without any adverse effects reported in addition to an excellent evaluation in the experience of use, reported by the treated patients. Finally, the VG and MTSP formulations performed well against Candida sp in in vitro and in vivo tests, standing out as two promising and safe opportunities for the treatment of VVC, encouraging further research that explores these compounds for the same therapeutic purpose81 f. : il. (algumas color.)
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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