1,720,999 research outputs found
Replication Data for: Misperceived Social Norms and Willingness to Act Against Climate Change
No full textReview of Economics and Statistics: Forthcoming
Empirical essays on the economics of inequality
Full text linkThis dissertation reflects the focus of my research agenda on the determinants of inequality along different dimensions, including, but not limited to, socio-economic status and gender. It consists of two chapters on the determinants of inequality in human capital and three chapters on the unequal impact of Covid-19.
In Chapter 1, co-authored with Teodora Boneva and Christopher Rauh, we examine whether differences in individual perceived returns to a postgraduate degree can explain the socio-economic enrollment gap in postgraduate education. We document that first-generation students have worse life experiences at university and perceive the returns to postgraduate education to be significantly lower than their continuing-generation counterparts do. We also find that differences in beliefs about the returns to postgraduate education can explain around 70% of the socio-economic gap in intentions to enroll in a postgraduate degree. These results shed light on the role that perceived returns to education play in determining socio-economic differences in educational attainment.
In Chapter 2, I explore the role of broadband Internet as a determinant of the gender gap in mental health. I combine restricted-access survey data from the German Socio-Economic Panel with publicly available information on the characteristics of the German telecommunication infrastructure to quantify the causal impact of having access to broadband Internet on mental health. Using an instrumental variable strategy I find that having access to high-speed Internet significantly reduces mental health among women, thus widening the existing gender gap. The results are driven by a worsening of women’s socializing behavior and ability to cope with emotional stress, and concentrated among the younger cohorts. These findings contribute to our understanding of gender gaps in mental-health disorders and the ongoing societal debate on how to encourage a healthier use of new technologies.
Finally, the last three Chapters of this dissertation examine inequalities in the impacts of the Covid-19 crisis. In Chapters 3 and 4, co-authored with Abi Adams-Prassl, Teodora Boneva and Christopher Rauh, we use novel survey data to document the unequal impact of Covid-19 on workers in the UK, US and Germany. We show that job losses in the first months of the crisis have been higher in the UK and the US compared to Germany. We additionally highlight large inequalities in the impact of the economic shock within countries. More specifically, workers on alternative work arrangements and those who can do less of their tasks from home have been more likely to lose their job in the first months of the pandemic. Crucially, women have also been more severely affected by the crisis than men. Turning to the role of policies in mitigating the negative economic shock, in Chapter 4 we investigate which workers were furloughed under the UK Coronavirus Job Retention Scheme and examine inequalities in the terms under which they were put on furlough. Among other results, this chapter shows that women have been significantly more likely to be put on furlough, and to have initiated the furloughing decision. This is especially true for mothers, which suggests a large role played by inequalities in care responsibilities. Consistent with this hypothesis, in Chapter 5 I exploit novel survey data from parents of school-aged children in England to study parental time use during the pandemic. I find that mothers have increased the time they spend on childcare activities significantly more than fathers have, thus leading to a widening gender gap in time dedicated to childcare, and to educational activities with children in particular. The rest of the chapter examines the role of different sets of variables in explaining these trends. In particular, I focus on the role of perceived gender roles and perceived returns to maternal (vs paternal) time investment in home-schooling in explaining changes in the way couples allocate time to educational activities with children during the pandemic. I find that changes in the employment status of parents are strong predictors of changes in the home-schooling gender gap. Additionally, parental beliefs about returns to maternal time investment and their attitudes towards gender roles are significantly correlated with changes in the way in which parents shoulder childcare responsibilities, even when controlling for labor market status of parents. The findings from these three chapters contribute to our understanding of the impact of Covid-19 on workers and parents, and point to an alarming widening of existing gender inequalities
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Socio-Economic Gaps in University Enrollment: The Role of Perceived Pecuniary and Non-Pecuniary Returns
No full textTo understand the socio-economic enrollment gap in university attendance, we elicit students’ beliefs about the benefits of university education in a sample of 2,540 secondary school students. Our choice model estimates reveal that perceived non-pecuniary benefits explain a large share of the variation in intentions to enroll. Expected job satisfaction, parental approval, and perceptions about social life during the 3-4 years after finishing secondary school are most important. Students with low socio-economic status perceive pecuniary and non-pecuniary returns to be lower. Beliefs explain 48% of the socio-economic gap in intentions to enroll, while perceived non-pecuniary returns alone account for 37%
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