1,913 research outputs found
Il "casamento" e le donne: ambiente e violenza ne L'imputata di Laudomia Bonanni.
No full textAlla fine degli anni Cinquanta Laudomia Bonanni dà alle stampe il suo primo, vero romanzo, dopo alcuni tentativi a carattere embrionale effettuati tra anni trenta e quaranta. Con L’imputata Bonanni passa a una narrazione di forte carica espressiva basata sull’analisi a volte drammatica di quell’ecosistema di spazi favorito dalla nuova edilizia postbellica il quale innesca i meccanismi della violenza che finiscono per convergere principalmente sulle figure femminili della storia
Generations, education and common values: a study on five italian cohort-generation, from the reconstruction to the z-gen
No full textItaly, there has been a recent resurgence of the generational approach and related issues (ISTAT, 2016; Casavecchia, 2021). While questions persist about the duration, definition, and labeling of generations, various studies seek distinctive criteria, often linking the concept of generation to that of cohort (necessary for statistical analyses). Using data from the European Social Survey (ESS), waves 8, 9, and 10 (2018, 2020, and 2022) were analyzed to examine differences in values between generations. A first goal is to understand if these differences can serve as a distinguishing criterion and a second is instead to address the lack of literature on generational differences in basic human values (Lyons et al., 2005). The differences that can be identified are not so much to distinguish the Baby Boomers from X-ers but rather for recent generations like X and Y, where agency and individuality in world perception may be crucial for differentiation (Lyons et al., 2007; Robinson, 2013). This work aims to compare the basic human values attitudes of these generations, as these may change over time. By Basic Human Values, we refer to the Shalom H. Schwartz’s theory (1992, 2003; Schwartz et al., 2012), currently part of the ESS questionnaire. These seem to be a key element in describing beliefs, attitudes, and opinions at the individual or collective level (Davidov, 2010; Fischer, 2012; Cieciuch et al., 2017). The Human Values theory seems to fit well with the theory of generations and can be useful in identifying those who have not experienced sudden changes historically (Casavecchia, 2021). Following L. Chisholm’s thesis (2023), if it is true that the faster the change, the shorter a generation lasts, then values may be a key element in understanding increasingly less pronounced generational differences. Using the cohort tool to identify statistically observable groups, five different cohort-generations were considered: the “Reconstruction” generation (which includes those born between 1927 and 1948), the Baby Boom generation
(including those born between 1948/49 and 1968), X (those born between 1968/69 and 1979), Y (between 1979/80 and 1995) and Z (the latter probably still emerging, including those born between 1995/96 and 2008). Generations and their value differences were observed at the mono and bivariate levels descriptively. Taking into particular consideration the role of education, generations were also observed at the multivariate level, comparing them first with the same educational level and then, by educational level achieved. In summary, first between generation and within the level of education, and then between level and within generation, attempting to determine the background and factors influencing these value differences. Values were constructed from the 21 items in the ESS database. Using the Principal Component Analysis (PCA), the 10 underlying dimensions and then the 4 highest Values encapsulating them (Openness to change vs. Conservatism and Self-Transcendence vs. Self-Enhancement) were identified. The role of education were fundamental in the analysis, as we are aware of its potential in terms of changing values, attitudes, and expectations (Rokeach, 2008)
Beyond expectations: how much does the structure of european education systems affects students performance?
No full textThe European education system, during the reform processes of the 1990s, advocated for the standardization of educational pathways and qualifications (Novoa and Dejong-Lambert, 2003; Ertl, 2006). Specifically, isomorphization primarily targeted decentralization policies and evaluative measures. Subsequently, this process extended to tertiary education, addressing the comparability of qualifications and levels of education, while leaving the organization of lower educational levels to the member states. The outcome is the fragmentation in the organizational structures of European education systems, resulting in varying levels of selectivity towards students (Benadusi and Giancola, 2014).
In countries with more selective systems, early tracking practices enhance the influence of social backgrounds on educational choices. This sustains stronger homogeneity in terms of social background and academic performance within each school (Duru-Bellat and Suchaut, 2005). The price for this internal homogeneity appears to be large school segregation, with greater disparities between schools in terms of social composition and average student performance (Sciffer et al., 2022).
Mechanisms of micro-level interactions intervene in individual actions by providing access to information, and influencing beliefs and desires (Hedstrom, 2005; Collins, 2005), while operating within the bounds defined by structural-level variables (Coleman, 1994). In matters of equity of educational outcomes the importance of primary effects (Boudon, 1974) is confirmed by the OECD (2023), which indicates socioeconomic status (SES) as the best predictor of achievement on standardized tests, regardless of the educational system.
The mix of micro and structural effects implies a reinforcement of segregation processes, pointing towards the existence of deep inequalities that tend to concentrate less fortunate students within disadvantaged schools. This phenomenon contributes to the perpetuation of educational disparities and, consequently, leads to divergent life outcomes (Dämmrich and Triventi, 2018).
Aware of the dependency of performances on SES and accounting for the structure of the educational system, the work aims to study the ability of national school systems to ‘produce’ students who perform better and worse than what would be expected of them based on their social background.
Using OECD PISA 2022 data and other international sources a database will be created storing data on educational systems both at the individual and country level for selected European countries. Educational systems will be evaluated in terms of the degree of selectivity defined by their structures (Benadusi, Giancola, 2014; European Commission, 2023). Secondly, primary effects are introduced through the residue distribution of a model that predicts mathematic performances (the main focus of the 2022 round of PISA) from SES. A model fitted on the overall sample will be used to identify the thresholds that will define at what point one deviates from the expectations. These thresholds will be then used on the residues from the same model, fitted on the data at the single country level. This
will allow us to observe how many students in each country fall behind or beyond what could be generally expected. Finally, it will be observed whether the selectivity of educational systems affects the ability to ‘produce’ these students who deviate from expectations
Non predicted trajectories: educational choices over the reproduction of predicted path
No full textThe sociological literature, encompassing both theoretical and empirical perspectives, has extensively examined educational inequalities and the mechanisms responsible for their production and perpetuation. Numerous studies, both qualitative and quantitative, macro and micro in nature, have explored these processes. However, there is a scarcity of research focusing on instances where, under specific conditions, the reproduction of these inequalities does not occur. This paper aims to investigate postgraduate choices and determine the extent to which students deviate from social reproduction processes based on their social origin. Utilizing data from a comprehensive survey conducted in the Lazio region from March to May 2023 among students concluding their upper secondary education, our analysis initially explores the number of students who depart from reproduction trajectories outlined in the literature, commonly referred to as “resilient students” in performance analysis (OECD, 2011). Subsequently, we estimate the proportion of low-class students pursuing university education, acknowledging that such students typically exhibit reduced continuation rates compared to their high social class counterparts (Snee, Devine, 2014; Romito, 2021a). It is crucial to consider that the chosen upper secondary school track significantly influenced this transition (Ballarino, Panichella, 2014). This observation contributes to the discussion of maximally maintained inequality (Raftery, Hout, 1993), positing that upper-class students dominate higher education transitions, saturating lower levels and limiting access for lower classes. This analysis is also extended to students with migratory backgrounds. Once groups of cases breaking the chain effect of social reproduction are identified, we characterize them based on gender, school performance, attitudes, and school experiences, aiming to surpass the relative risk aversion approach (Breen, Goldthorpe, 1997; Barone et al., 2021). The underlying hypothesis is that paths of upward educational mobility are influenced less by school and institutional factors and more by individual motivational and performance variables (Van de Werfhost, Hofstede, 2007). The paper reconstructs the chain linking social origin, school track choice, performance, and postgraduate destinations for these students (Giancola, Salmieri, 2022). These destinations are strongly influenced by the mentioned factors, and, in the case of tertiary education, the chosen disciplinary field of study is also affected by these and other factors (Giancola et al., 2023). In defining social origin, we use a summary measure of the employment and educational backgrounds of students’ parents. Additionally, we include the presence of siblings who have undertaken or completed university studies as
a control variable, commonly referred to as “first-generation students” in the literature (Romito, 2021b). In summary, the goal is to elucidate both the dynamics of reproducing inequalities in educational expectations and the processes of upward educational mobility, along with the underlying causes
I teorici della riproduzione delle disuguaglianze
No full textIl capitolo affronta i principali contributi teorici e di ricerca provenienti dalla prospettiva sociologia della riproduzione delle diseguaglianze in relazione al campo dell'istruzione e alle scelte scolastich
Education as an individual and common good: the educational achievements of Generation X in a diachronic comparison
No full textThe analysis of inequalities over time, especially those related to educa-tion, has been a relevant topic in the social sciences. This study proposes a diachronic approach based on cohorts-generations from the postwar era to the contemporary period. It highlights the expansion of educational level but also how persistent gaps between social classes remain stable despite this expansion. In the article we then focus on the pivotal role of “Generation X” as a turning point in relation to the slowdown of a development deemed infinite and inevitable, seeking to open a reflection on the educational destination of future generations
TUTELA DEL LAVORO E LIBERTA' D'IMPRESA NEI PROCESSI DI ESTERNALIZZAZIONE
No full textL’elaborato analizza le conseguenze lavoristiche della successione fra imprenditori, muovendo da una ricognizione delle varie tipologie di esternalizzazione con le relative esigenze e principali criticità.
L’indagine si concentra in primo luogo sul trasferimento d’azienda, esaminando la normativa e la giurisprudenza europee per passare poi alla disciplina di diritto interno, alle procedure sindacali e a uno specifico focus sul trasferimento delle aziende in crisi.
Successivamente l’autore si sofferma sull’appalto, prendendone in particolare considerazione gli indici di genuinità, i criteri di distinzione dalla somministrazione illecita di manodopera e la tutela delle maestranze in caso di avvicendamento fra imprese.
Da ultimo, la ricerca approfondisce le c.d. “clausole sociali”, sia di prima che di seconda generazione, valutandone la compatibilità con il diritto eurounitario e con la costituzione nonché riflettendo sui possibili rimedi in caso di loro violazione.The author analyzes the labour consequences of the succession between entrepreneurs, starting from a recognition of the various types of outsourcing with the related needs and main critical issues.
The survey focuses primarily on the transfer of businesses, examining European legislation and case-law and then moving on to internal legislation, trade union procedures and a specific focus on the transfer of companies in crisis.
The author then dwells on the contract, taking into account in particular the indications of authenticity, the criteria of distinction from the illicit administration of labour and the protection of workers in the event of turnover between companies.
Finally, the research deepens the "social clauses", both first and second generation, assessing their compatibility with European law and with the constitution and reflecting on possible remedies in case of their violation
Ultra Low Carbon Vehicles: New Parameters for Automotive Design
No full textAs the influence of vehicle emissions on our environment has become better understood, the UK government has recently placed urgent emphasis on the implementation of low carbon
technologies in the automotive industry through: the UK Low Carbon Industrial Strategy. The overall objective is to offer big incentives to consumers and support for the development of infrastructure and engineering solutions. This scheme however does not consider how the development of functional and experiential user value might drive consumer demand, contributing to the adoption of low carbon vehicles (LCVs) in the mass market.
With the emergence of the North East of England as the UK’s first specialised region for the development of ultra-low carbon vehicles (ULCVs), ONE North East, as a development agency for the region's economic and business development, and Northumbria University Ideas-lab have supported a project to facilitate innovation through the collaboration of technology, research and development (R&D) and business. The High Value Low Carbon (HVLC) project aims to envisage
new user value made possible by the integration of low carbon vehicle platforms with new process and network technologies. The HVLC consortium represents vehicle manufacturers and their suppliers as well as technology based companies and through an ongoing process of design concept generation the project offers a hub for innovation led enterprise.
Whilst new technological developments in areas such as power generation, nano materials, hydrogen fuel cells, printed electronics and networked communications will all impact on future automotive design, the mass adoption of low carbon technologies represents a paradigm shift for the motorist. This paper aims to describe how the mapping of new parameters will lead to new transport scenarios that will create the space for new collaborative research on user experiences supported by innovative technologies and related services
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Matteo Maria Boiardo (1441-1494)
No full textMatteo Maria Boiardo – contemporary of Sir Thomas Malory and forerunner of Shakespeare, Spenser, Milton, Cervantes, Tolkien, and C.S. Lewis – is best known as the author of the Orlando Innamorato [Orlando in Love], a poem in ottava rima organically merging Carolingian epic and Arthurian romance. He was also a lyric and pastoral poet, playwright, and translator of classical texts into the Italian vernacular. Matteo was active in Italy during the years of 1463 throughout 1494, the year of his death
Uno sguardo all'Est. Lavoro e diritti fondamentali in Russia e negli altri Paesi della Comunità di Stati indipendenti
No full textNel contributo l'autore, dopo aver esaminato i diritti fondamentali del lavoro presenti nelle Costituzioni dei Paesi della Comunità di Stati indipendenti, si sofferma sul diritto del lavoro russo. La trattazione, a carattere diacronico, abbraccia i rami principali del diritto del lavoro: il rapporto individuale, le relazioni collettive, il mercato del lavoro. L'autore rileva una sorprendente continuità nelle linee essenziali del diritto del lavoro russo, pur nel susseguirsi di sistemi socioeconomici completamente diversi. Egli conclude che il diritto del lavoro russo appartiene saldamente alla matrice europea della materia.The contribution of the author starts by examining fundamental labour rights recognised by the Constitutions of the Countries of the Community of Independent States. Then the author focuses upon Russian Labour Law, going through the history of the main branches of the discipline: the individual relationship, industrial relations, the labour market. The article finds a surprising continuity in the essential lines of Russian Labour Law, in spite of the completely different socio-economic systems that were experimented in Russia during the twentieth century. The author concludes that Russian Labour Law clearly belongs to the European matrix of the discipline
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