196,710 research outputs found
A dictionary of Eastern Bonan
No full textEastern Bonan is a Mongolic language spoken on the upper reaches of the Yellow River, Gansu province in Amdo (northern) Tibet. Of the Eastern and Western varieties of Bonan [Bao'an 保安, Bonang; ISO 639-3: peh; Glottocode: bona1250], Eastern Bonan is the officially-recognized variety. Unpublished Eastern Bonan data collected by Charles Li from 1982 to 1984 forms the basis of this dictionary; Arienne Dwyer digitized and analyzed these data, adding lemmatized headwords, etymological sources, parts of speech, Chinese glosses, and forms from other published sources.
Charles N. Li is an Emeritus Professor of Linguistics at the University of California - Santa Barbara
Arienne M. Dwyer is a Professor of Linguistic Anthropology at the University of KansasU.S. National Science Foundation (BCS-8308220 Baonan: Languages in Contact & Language Change
Nudging Payment Behaviour: Evidence from a Field Experiment on Pay-as-You-Go Off-Grid Electricity
No full textThis is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Oxford University Press via the DOI in this recordData availability:
Anonymised, unit-level data along with the do files that are required for replication of the findings presented in this paper can be provided on request.This paper reports results from a randomized control trial with a pay-as-you-go (PAYG) solar system provider in Pakistan. In the default treatment, customers are told the amount to pay every month to keep the system active. In a first treatment, customers are assisted in planning this monthly payment. A second treatment discloses that payments can be made flexibly within the month. This disclosure may reduce contract cancellation by helping minimize transaction costs but may increase contract complexity and reduce discipline. A third treatment combines flexibility with assistance in planning payments. Disclosing flexibility increases contract cancellation relative to the default, but combining flexibility with planning offsets this effect. Treatment effects appear stronger among users facing high mental constraints and transaction costs. These findings support the idea that behavioral factors, such as inattention and commitment problems, lay behind the negative impact of flexibility on cancellation. The results suggest that providers of PAYG systems may face a trade-off between disclosing complex contractual features and customer retention. Planning helps customers handle the added complexity.International Growth CentreEuropean Union FP
Abordaje de la problemática de salud bucal en territorio isleño del municipio de Tigre
No full textPóster presentado en las jornadas estudiantiles del 2015Fil: Oreallano, C. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Odontología. Cátedra de Odontología Preventiva y Comunitaria. Buenos Aires, Argentina.Fil: Vidal, M. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Odontología. Cátedra de Odontología Preventiva y Comunitaria. Buenos Aires, Argentina.Fil: Montull, M. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Odontología. Cátedra de Odontología Preventiva y Comunitaria. Buenos Aires, Argentina.Fil: Bonan, L. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Odontología. Cátedra de Odontología Preventiva y Comunitaria. Buenos Aires, Argentina
Access to Modern Energy: a Review of Barriers, Drivers and Impacts
No full textUniversal access to modern energy services, in terms of access to electricity and to modern cooking facilities, has been recognized as a fundamental challenge for development. Despite strong praise for action and the deployment of large-scale electrification programs and improved cookstove (ICS) distribution campaigns, few studies have shed light on the barriers to, the enablers of and the impacts of access to energy on development outcomes, using rigorous methodologies. This paper reviews this recent strand of research, trying to fill these gaps. We focus on the demand-side and household perspective. Our main outcomes of interest are electricity connection and ICS adoption for the analysis of barriers, time allocation, labour market outcomes and welfare for the impact analysis. We provide evidence of significant wellbeing impacts of electrification, and mixed evidence for cookstoves
Presentazione : Imprese e ambiente nella storia italiana : una prospettiva di lungo periodo
No full textL'articolo presenta i due numeri della rivista "Impresa e Storia" (45 e 46 del 2022) dedicati a alla relazione tra imprese e ambiente in una prospettiva di lungo perido, discutendo in che modo la storiografia e in specifico la storia economica e la business history abbiano affrontato il tema negli ultimi decenni. Si tratta di un testo introduttivo che tuttavia non presenta i singoli saggi che compongono i due numeri speciali della rivista, quanto piuttosto problematizza e discute le diverse tematiche affrontate e forniscce un punto storiografico aggiornato sul tema
Can social information programs be more effective? The role of environmental identity for energy conservation
No full textSocial information programs are widely used to nudge behavioural change. Their effectiveness strongly depends on household and individual traits. The existing evidence in economics and psychology points to the role of environmental values and identity in determining pro-environmental behavior and the impact of social information. In a large field experiment on household energy conservation, we combine electricity metering and survey data to test whether the impact of a social information program can be strengthened by leveraging environmental values and identity. We experimentally augment social information messages with an environmental self-identity prime. The self-identity prime does not strengthen the effectiveness of a social information program on average. Nonetheless, we find suggestive evidence that priming environmental self-identity can be effective if targeted to specific sub-groups
Heat of the moment: How temperature influences the search and purchase of energy-using appliances
No full textDecisions with significant and long-lasting consequences can be influenced by conditions at the moment of choice, such as weather. Using administrative data from an online retailer, we examine whether temperature and other weather variables affect the search and purchase of energy-using durables, namely, air conditioners (ACs) and dryers. We observe more sales of ACs on hot days and fewer sales of dryers on hot, windy days. We find no impact for appliances whose usefulness is not affected by the weather. For AC, weather-induced searches and purchases are in lower-efficiency energy classes. Product search data allow us to look into the process leading up to purchase. Prospective AC buyers search less intensively when the temperature is higher, and the opposite holds for buyers of dryers when temperature and wind speed increase. Models of memory and attention can explain these behavioral patterns. Understanding these dynamics is important for designing adaptation and mitigation policies, given the energy needs of cooling technologies and their increased demand and usefulness in a rapidly warming world
Access to Modern Energy: A Review of Impact Evaluations
No full textUniversal access to modern energy services, in terms of access to electricity and to modern cooking facilities, has been recognized as fundamental challenge for development and is likely to be included in the post-2015 Sustainable Development Goals. Despite a strong praise for action and several programs at both national and international level, very few impact evaluation studies try to shed light on the causal relationship between access to energy and development, by also allowing decision makers to rigorously assess cost-effectiveness and efficiency of policies and programs. This work attempts to review the literature on existing impact evaluation of access to electricity and modern cooking facilities. For access to electricity we consider as outcomes labour markets, time allocation, household welfare (consumption, income, schooling and health) and business. For access to improved cookstoves, we assess impacts on household welfare. The reviewed literature highlights a significant causal impact of electricity access on important metrics of wellbeing, but more mixed evidence regarding clean cookstove. Finally, we also review the barriers and drivers of access to modern energy services identified by most recent impact evaluation studies
Social norms and tariff salience: An experimental study on household waste management
No full textWe study the introduction of a social information program on waste disposal in a setting characterized by a two-part tariff. Households pay for unsorted waste a fixed amount if their yearly disposal is below a pre-defined cap, and pay per disposal after exceeding the cap. We randomize the receipt of a social information intervention, where customers' disposal is compared to that of similar ones. An additional treatment couples the social comparison with information on the customer's distance from the cap. We find that the report containing the social norm alone leads to a 5% reduction in the volume of unsorted waste. Making the cap salient significantly reduces the effectiveness of the social norm. The two treatments have a similar negative effect on the likelihood of exceeding the disposal cap. The reduction in unsorted waste is partly achieved through an increase in waste sorting, and is not accompanied by higher illegal disposals or lower quality of sorted waste. Our results confirm the effectiveness of descriptive norms in coordinating behavior but indicate that providing information on economic incentives can permanently crowd out their effect
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