1,720,955 research outputs found
Comparative analysis of heterozygosity-enriched regions in Reggiana and Modenese genomes providesinformation on local cattle breed specific variabilit.
No full textReggiana and Modenese are dual-purpose cattle breeds mainly reared in the North of Italy and linked to the production of monobreed branded Parmigiano-Reggiano cheese, which provides the economic income to the farmers that is needed for the sustainable conservation of these autochthonous breeds. The population size of these breeds experienced a drastic reduction in the 1980’ and a subsequent slow recovery. Inbreeding is an important parameter that should be monitored to define appropriate conservation programs of local genetic resources. We therefore already evaluated inbreeding in these breeds using pedigree and genomic information based on runs of homozygosity (ROH). Hotspot regions of heterozygosity may be useful to define other relevant population genomic information. Runs of Heterozygosity (ROHet) are regions of continuous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with heterozygous genotype. In this study, we obtained a genomic landscape picture of ROHet in Reggiana and Modenese cattle breeds and identified ROHet islands. A total of 2730 Reggiana cows and 564 Modenese cattle (almost two thirds of the actual population for both breeds) were genotyped with the GGP Bovine 150K SNPchip. Quality filters were applied with PLINK1.9. ROHet were identified with detectRuns R package. In total, 38942 and 7289 ROHet were identified in Reggiana and Modenese cattle populations, respectively. The average number of ROHet per animal in Reggiana was 14.24±3.8, with a minimum of 1 ROHet and a maximum of 30. In Modenese breed, the average number of ROHet per animal was 12.91±3.3, with a minimum of 1 and a maximum of 23. For Reggiana, the longest ROHet was on chromosome BTA10, with a length of 1029 kb, while for Modenese the longest ROHet was on BTA21 and measured 1228 kb. The total average size of the genome covered by ROHet for each animal was 2532.38±858 and 2291.26±781 kb in Reggiana and Modenese, respectively. These regions included many genes involved in fecundity, survival, and fitness-related traits that might be involved in defining breed genetic features.
Acknowledgements
The research was funded by the PSRN (Programma di Sviluppo Rurale Nazionale) Dual Breeding 2 (co-funded by the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development of the European Union and by the MASAF)
Sustainable animal breeding in a local cattle breed: a genomic strategy to redefine Reggiana HerdBook standards and breeding goals.
No full textReggiana is an Italian autochthonous cattle breed, mainly reared in the Emilia Romagna region. At present, a total of about 2800 Reggiana cows, distributed in about 100 farms, are registered to its breed Herd Book. Nowadays, almost all the milk produced by the Reggiana breed is processed into mono-breed Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) Parmigiano-Reggiano cheese that is labelled with the brand name ‘Vacche Rosse’ (according to the typical red coat colour – fromentino – of the breed). This cheese is marketed at a higher price than those of undifferentiated origin. Phenotypic selection in the Reggiana breed has been applied over the last decades to maintain the breed standard defined in the Herd Book (e.g. solid fromentino coat colour, pink or pale muzzle, medium-tall stature, dual-purpose conformation, absence of morphological defects), but a few Reggiana animals do not completely match the breed standard phenotypes. In this study, we defined a strategy to design a sustainable breeding and conservation programme of the Reggiana population, by considering both phenotypic and genetic data. About 70% of the whole Reggiana breed population was genotyped with the GeneSeek GGP Bovine 150k SNP chip. The allele and genotype frequencies and distribution of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers involved or associated with phenotypic exterior (coat colour and muzzle), morphological traits (e.g. stature and morphological defects), and the presence of deleterious alleles derived from other cattle breeds were analysed. Based on obtained results, information on the genotype at the Extension locus/melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) gene has been included in the Reggiana Herd Book as part of the breed standard. Other DNA markers could be included or could be used to cull some animals carrying unwanted alleles/defects or to design appropriate strategies for their effective eradication from the population. These strategies might be integrated in optimum contribution selection plans that would also carefully evaluate the potential loss of genetic variability and effective population size of the breed. This strategy can be useful to design further refine a genomic-driven sustainable breeding and conservation program of Reggiana cattle that is also linked to the genetic authentication of its mono-breed Parmigiano Reggiano cheese.
Acknowledgements
The research was funded by the PSRN Dual Breeding and Dual Breeding 2
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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