1,720,953 research outputs found
Costruire conoscenza attraverso internet: attivazione della metacognizione epistemica nella ricerca on-line di informazioni
Get PDFInformation searching on the Web has become a routine, even among young students (Brem, et al., 2001; Clark & Slotta, 2000; Hess, 1999; Tsai, 2004; Windschitl, 2001). Dealing with a huge amount of information requires not only to recognize what is more pertinent and useful, but also to compare, evaluate and often integrate different or contradictory knowledge, transmitted by more or less authoritative sources. The ability to select, assess and interpret on-line information is influenced by our more or less naïve beliefs about knowledge and knowing (Hofer & Pintrich, 1997, 2002), namely epistemic beliefs. Given the changing nature of the task requested by individuals when they navigate on the Internet, it becomes relevant to situate and analyze epistemic awareness as a part of metacognition (Kuhn, 1999, 2000; Kuhn & Weinstock, 2002; Hofer, 2004). Moreover, it is important to examine epistemic beliefs in action, that is when they are activated in a context, in this case the context of on-line searching on the Web.
Study 1. Forty-six university students from the Faculties of Psychology and Engineering are involved. The aims of the study are to examine: a) whether students spontaneously activate epistemic reflections during on-line information searching about a controversial topic; b) whether there are evidence of different epistemic profiles; c) whether higher levels of prior knowledge, need for cognition and argumentative reasoning promote the verbalization of more sophisticated epistemic comments and influence how students navigate on the Net; d) whether these individual differences promote Web-based learning. Findings reveal that most students express epistemic reflections on the source, justification and simplicity/complexity of knowledge, although at different levels of sophistication. The selection of information is mainly influenced by the credibility of websites. A few students evaluate the veracity of what they find on the Net. Finally, more sophisticated epistemic comments are related to a higher level of need for cognition.
Study 2. Sixty-four high school students are involved. The aims of this second study are to examine: a) whether students younger than those involved in study 1 verbalize spontaneous epistemic reflections; b) whether there are differences in their epistemic profiles; c) whether individual differences previously investigated affect their verbalization of epistemic comments of different sophistication, as well as Web-based learning. Results show that high school students mainly express epistemic reflections about the source, justification and simplicity/complexity of knowledge, showing the same epistemic patterns, identified in university students. However, unlike the previous study, findings reveal that more sophisticated epistemic comments are related to higher prior knowledge and that higher argumentative reasoning skill promotes learning through the Web.
Study 3. Eighty-three middle school students are involved, with the aim to investigate: a) what epistemic reflections affect on-line information searching of younger students; b) whether knowing which theories explained a scientific controversial topic influences epistemic evaluation in context, as well as students' choice of the more convincing theory/ies; c) whether individual differences in self-regulation skills and in general epistemic beliefs about scientific knowledge affect epistemic evaluation during on-line searching, as well as Internet-based learning. On the one hand, findings show that most students select and evaluate the credibility of the sources on the basis of naïve epistemic criteria but, on the other hand, they reflect on the changing nature of knowledge and judge the veracity of information even through sophisticated epistemic standards. Unlike the previous study, prior-knowledge only affect students'choice of the more convincing explanation/s. In addition, a more effective learning approach and more sophisticated general epistemic beliefs about scientific knowledge are related to more advanced epistemic reflections in context. Overall these learner characteristics promote learning.
Conclusions. The examination of how students manage and evaluate epistemically the information available with a simple click of the mouse can contribute to understanding metacognitive processes that are still scarcely investigated. Finally, it is posited that, in educational context, Internet as an epistemic tool can promote the development of more sophisticated views of knowledge and knowing
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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