1,720,955 research outputs found
Les femmes en boucherie, quelques tabous culturels
No full textPringle Rosemary, Callings Susan, Bolain Nancy. Les femmes en boucherie, quelques tabous culturels. In: Les Cahiers du GRIF, Hors-Sérien°1, 1996. Chair et viande. pp. 15-32
L'accès des femmes au marché du travail : Le cas irlandais
No full textIrish women's participation in the labour market
Ireland had and still has the lowest percentage of working women in Europe. When the country joined the EC it eliminated certain formal factors of exclusion which concerned women, such as the prohibition of access to jobs in the public service or banks. However, the author, Evelyn Mahon shows how the principle of equal opportunity is only partially put into practice. Above all, she analyses how a tax system unfavourable to working mothers, forces them out of the labour market particularly if their income is low, due to the poor organization and above all the high cost of child care. The paper also shows how access to work is denied by indirect discrimination.Mahon Evelyn, Bolain Nancy. L'accès des femmes au marché du travail : Le cas irlandais. In: Les Cahiers du GRIF, n°48, 1994. Les femmes et la construction européenne. pp. 141-150
Les femmes et le nationalisme
No full textWomen and nationalism
In her paper, Nira Yuval-Davis intends to outline some of the main dimensions in which gender relations are crucial in understanding and analyzing the phenomena of nations and of nationalism, and to point out their relevance to central issues in contemporary Europe. She shows how women play important roles in biological and political reproductions of national and other collectivities.Yuval-Davis Nira, Bolain Nancy. Les femmes et le nationalisme. In: Les Cahiers du GRIF, n°48, 1994. Les femmes et la construction européenne. pp. 89-96
Économie politique féministe d'intégration dans la CE
No full textA feminist political economics of integration in the EC
Ulla Koch notes that economic analyses, even when they consider social groups, generally ignore the gender element in groups. What is needed is not to take exceptional measures in favour of women a posteriori as if they were a marginal group; the gender parameter must be integrated in analyses to prevent an economic unbalance between the sexes. This parameter should be taken into account both as. concerns resources (an aspect that is often neglected) and as concerns the breakdown of the workload - here, the very definition of work needs review. The author indicates that the creation of the single European market makes a provisional analysis of its consequences on women indispensable, to prevent potential economic unbalance between the men and women rather than attempting to compensate it when it is too late.Koch Ulla, Bolain Nancy. Économie politique féministe d'intégration dans la CE. In: Les Cahiers du GRIF, n°48, 1994. Les femmes et la construction européenne. pp. 121-129
L'égalité des sexes ? Un droit fondamental à repenser
No full textRethinking sex equality as a human right
The predominant interpretation of the concept of equality is sexually biased in that it tends to favour men by reflecting masculine standards and values under the guise of objectivity and neutrality. Thus it participates in the reproduction and reinforcement of the current gender relations. In a formal approach to equality, the notion of difference leads to the exclusion and non-inclusion of women. Titia Loenen analyses these phenomena in the approach of the European Court of Justice and the European Court of Human Rights. Accepting first that so-called "vulnerable" groups must be protected throws a new light on an asymmetrical model of equality.Loenen Titia, Bolain Nancy. L'égalité des sexes ? Un droit fondamental à repenser. In: Les Cahiers du GRIF, n°48, 1994. Les femmes et la construction européenne. pp. 45-68
Pour ou contre l'Union européenne ? Différences d'opinions selon les sexes
No full textThe European Union : Differences in opinion according to sexes
Susanne Schunter-Kleemann analyses differences in opinion according to gender in the context of the debate on the construction of Europe and in particular at the time of the ratification of the Maastricht Treaty. She underlines that in a general way, women have been and are more reticent about Europe than men. Using quotes to illustrate the point, she reviews the critical views of Danish, Swiss, Austrian and German women in their own political context. The criticism applies to a variety of questions but particularly pertains to the restriction of democracy in a Union where decisions and legislation are not subject to control by the people and could compromise national achievements. The author shows how strong resistance of women's opinion has led officials of the European Union to adopt new communication strategies to appeal to them particulary, without, in her opinion, providing solutions for their concerns.Schunter-Kleemann Susanne, Bolain Nancy. Pour ou contre l'Union européenne ? Différences d'opinions selon les sexes. In: Les Cahiers du GRIF, n°48, 1994. Les femmes et la construction européenne. pp. 97-113
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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