1,720,993 research outputs found
XI International Symposium on Integrating Canopy, Rootstock and Environmental Physiology in Orchard Systems
No full textThe XI International Symposium on Integrating Canopy, Rootstock and Environmental Physiology in Orchard Systems was convened by Prof. Luca Corelli Grappadelli, and was held on 28 August to 2 September, 2016, in Bologna, Italy. The symposium brought together the Orchard and Plantation Systems, the Rootstock Breeding and Evaluation, and the Environmental Physiology and Developmental Biology ISHS Working Groups (WGs)
Apple responses to fruit sunburn in Italy
No full textSunburn is a physiological disorder attributed to high solar radiation and air temperatures. With climate change, this phenomenon will tend to expand to new areas, as the Mediterranean basin. The effects of 2 irrigation restitutions (100 and 70% of evapotranspiration) and 2 training systems (2D and 3D) were evaluated and related to plant water status, in two commercial apple orchards (both Gala varieties) in Italy, during summer 2021. Aluminum foils were applied to a number of fruit, for each treatment, and their temperature was monitored, along with that of control fruit (no aluminum foil), in the last 25 days before harvest. Sunburn occurred only where aluminum foil was applied, where the generally higher temperatures might have been caused by higher reflected irradiance. The results showed that the training system was highly influencing fruit temperature (p 0.0003), rather than deficit irrigation. A 2D-shaped tree will intercept regular quantities of solar radiation, hence fruit will adapt to higher light environments all along the season; in fact, only 1 fruit experienced sunburn. On the contrary, the 3D-shaped trees, having a more irregular canopy, produced 4 sunburned fruit. Assumptions can be made that prolonged exposure of fruit to higher irradiances, since early in the season, and consequently air temperatures, induced higher protection mechanisms against sunburn. An interesting corelation between stem water potential and control fruit temperature, revealed a strong negative relationship (p 0.006). Less stressed plants appeared to have less warm fruit. Suggestions arise that plant water status may play an important role, thus certain training systems that maintain lower water potentials, like a fruiting wall canopy, might help prevent sunburn damage. As fruit were damaged only due to the application of aluminum foils, one could conclude that solar radiation and air temperature levels were insufficient to cause sunburn in the trial
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Comparing deep-learning networks for apple fruit detection to classical hard-coded algorithms
No full textDuring recent years, with the increase of production in agriculture, the need for more precise tools and practices has increased. One of those practices is the estimation of the fruit number in the tree. Computer vision techniques such as histogram of oriented gradients and edge/color detection have been used to extract features thus recognizing fruit based on shape and color. Existing methods usually rely heavily on computing multiple image features, making the whole system complex and computationally expensive. In this paper we compare those classical detection algorithms to new state-of-the-art convolution neural networks. Specifically, we compare two types of algorithms for apple detection in the tree. The first approach refereed as hard-coded uses commonly feature extraction filters (edge detector, color filtering, corners). On the other side are techniques using CNNs convolution neural networks like (residual networks, sliding window, regional dividers). More than thousand images of apple trees were taken during the season from flowering time to harvest. Same pictures have been processed through both techniques and based on results and the trade-offs of both techniques have been compared. For hard-coded algorithms, with few pictures we were able to see the performance of algorithm, while with CNNs, huge number of labeled pictures were needed for the algorithm to be more than 50% accurate. However, when a different picture from another date or completely new cultivar was used, the hard-coded algorithm failed to detect thus had to be rewritten to accommodate new changes. In other hand CNNs were very flexible and were able to detect apples even though the picture taken-date was changed or picture from another cultivar was used
SHEET project Deliverable D2.3-D2.4 - Apple Fruit position and temperature data
No full textThe data publlished here are an outcome of the SHEET project https://ictagrifood.eu/node/44656.
More information regarding the project and the collected data can be found in "SHEET_D2.1-D2.4.docx":
- D2.2, D2.3, D2.2-Continuation for information regarding the RGB-D/Thermal scanning platform prototype
- D2.4 for dataset information
Data are organized by years of collection for seasons 2021, 2022, and 2023.
Data recorded includes the following:
- Continuos weather data of the trial site in open field.
- Continuos microclimatic data of orchard conditions tested (2021, 2022 only).
- Discrete radiation measurements of the illumination condition of each tested treatment , on a representative tree.
- Continuos measurements of apple fruit surface temperature collected with thermocouples.
- Discrete measurements of apple fruit surface temperature collected with handheld thermal camera (2022, 2023 only)
- Position of the fruit monitored for surface temperature
- Discrete measurements of apple fruit surface temperature and position collected with an RGB-D/ Thermal scanning platform prototype (2022 only)
-Discrete measurement reporting the moment of sunburn damage occurrence, its level, L*a*b* chroma and Hue color information, and DA-meter index values.
More information regarding SHEET Project activity carried out from the UniBo group can be found at the dedicated GitHub repository
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
The effects of chestnut apical bud positions on vegetative and reproductive annual growth
No full textThe growth and fruiting pattern of chestnut annual branches was investigated in a traditional sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill. ‘Marrone di Castel del Rio’) orchard. The development of the annual apical shoot, from the top four apical buds, was described in one-year-old branches, randomly selected in the orchard. A total of 60 shoots were weekly measured in length and diameter from bud break (07 BBCH stage) to a week before burr fall (83 BBCH stage). On the same annual shoot, once female inflorescences were well differentiated and fully receptive (65 BBCH stage), the burr diametral growth was also weekly measured and the number of burrs, in each shoot, counted. At harvest, nut quality (fresh weight and diameter) was also assessed. For each annual shoot, length and burr diameter absolute growth rate (AGR) were calculated. The shoot vegetative growth showed a rapid increase in the first part of the season, reaching a peak, in absolute growth rate, in the middle of May. Later, their growth reduced and being constant throughout the rest of the season. Shoot showed a reduced vegetative vigour, form the apical to the bottom part of each branch, although a limited presence of burrs in the lower ones. Once shoot stop completely their growth (middle of June), burr started to increase their growth rate, likely acting as the major sink. The apical bud, although carrying the highest number of burrs per shoot, showed generally the highest growth rate along the season with also improved nut quality traits recorded at harvest. These preliminary results highlight the importance of the apical bud in sustaining chestnut yield and quality
The effects of chestnut orchard microclimate on burr development
Full text linkChestnut crop is regaining its fame worldwide with powerful investment perspectives. Unluckily the climate change effects are posing high threat to its cultivation with less available resources and increased production cost both in traditional and specialized orchards. Additionally, the chestnut physiological knowledge is still limited, especially as concern the burr development (i.e., the economical production target) and its relationship with the environmental parameters. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the seasonal, daily, and hourly burr growth pattern associated to environmental parameters for improving physiological knowledge on this species. The study was carried out in a traditional rainfed sweet chestnut orchard located in the Tuscan-Emilian Apennines (Monterenzio, Italy). The chestnut burr growth was measured, along the entire season, both with a digital calliper and through the use of plant-based sensors (fruit-gauges) that permitted to measure, in real-time, the burr growth pattern. Environmental data were recorded by a weather station placed in the middle of the orchard. Results evidenced a higher burr growth rate, in the last part of the season (from middle-end of August to full fall) while the daily growing pattern was characterized by increased oscillation, along the season, of night-swelling and daily-shrinkage. The night-swelling was found to be influenced by high nocturnal air relative humidity while the daily-shrinkage was influenced by the higher wind speed, solar radiation and vapour pressure deficit. Thus, the burr daily net growth can be associated, depending on the phenological stages, to environmental parameters. Precipitation but especially the atmosphere humidity, in September and October, were the main external drivers of burr daily net growth. These results could be promising for the adoption of sustainable (e.g., late season grass mowing, sprinkler irrigation) and smart practices for improving chestnut management in both traditional and specialized orchards
- …
