9 research outputs found
Taxonomic novelties in Cyclodium (Dryopteridaceae) and a key to the species with free veins
No full textBackground – Cyclodium is a neotropical fern genus comprising about ten species. Most species are found in northern South America, and the foothills of the Guiana Shield is an important region for species diversification. Our phylogenetic and taxonomic studies of the genus demonstrated the need to describe a new species and to recognize a variety at species level.Methods – This study is based on herbarium specimens from CAY, HUA, INPA, MBM, NY, P, RB, UC, UFP, UPCB, and US. Morphological characters were analyzed using standard procedures. The indumentum and spores of the new species were studied using a scanning electron microscope. Species delimitation is proposed based on our preliminary phylogenetic studies, as well as on morphology and geographical distribution.Key results – Cyclodium alansmithii Bohn & Labiak is recognized as a new species, described, and illustrated. The most similar species is Cyclodium inerme (Fée) A.R.Sm., from which it differs by ovate-lanceolate and bicolored scales, reduced fronds, truncate pinna bases, and non-ciliate indusia. Cyclodium alansmithii is currently assessed as Endangered (EN) using IUCN criteria, but more fieldwork and herbarium studies are necessary to establish a more accurate conservation assessment. Cyclodium trianae (Mett.) A.R.Sm. var. chocoense A.R.Sm. is here elevated to species rank. A key to species of Cyclodium with free veins is provided
Padrões de diversidade de samambaias e licófitas da mata atlântica
No full textOrientadora: Profa. Dra. Marcia Cristina Mendes MarquesCoorientador: Prof. Dr. Paulo Henrique Labiak EvangelistaTese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação. Defesa : Curitiba, 04/06/2024Inclui referênciasÁrea de concentração: Ecologia e ConservaçãoResumo: A biodiversidade engloba toda a variação em sistemas biológicos, desde o nível molecular até o ecossistêmico, e seu estudo é crucial nas áreas da ecologia e biogeografia. Abordagens recentes propõem a consideração de múltiplas dimensões da biodiversidade, como a taxonômica, funcional e filogenética, para uma compreensão mais holística e apropriada em ações de conservação. Além disso, a avaliação de diferentes componentes da biodiversidade (alfa, beta e gama) são cruciais para compreender diferentes aspectos dos padrões de diversidade e seus determinantes. Samambaias e licófitas são duas linhagens distintas de plantas vasculares que compartilham muitas características morfológicas, fisiológicas e funcionais. A Mata Atlântica é uma região interessante para estes grupos, dada a grande riqueza e endemismo encontrados no bioma, associados ao histórico climático e geológico da região, além da grande variabilidade ambiental. Nesta tese, descrevemos os padrões de distribuição e diferentes dimensões da diversidade de samambaias e licófitas da Mata Atlântica, além de avaliar os impactos das mudanças climáticas e a efetividade das Unidades de Conservação em proteger a diversidade. No Capítulo 1, demonstramos que a riqueza e tamanho de distribuição de samambaias e licófitas são associadas a variáveis climáticas e ecológicas. Identificamos que regiões com alta diversidade e com espécies com tamanho de distribuição reduzidos estão concentradas na área central do bioma. Além disso, Unidades de Conservação são insuficientes em proteger essas regiões. No Capítulo 2, revelamos que a composição de espécies de samambaias e licófitas muda entre ecorregiões da Mata Atlântica. A substituição de espécies foi mais importante em explicar dissimilaridades na composição de espécies considerando toda a Mata Atlântica e dentro de cada ecorregião. No entanto, o aninhamento foi mais importante em explicar mudanças na composição entre ecorregiões. Diferentes combinações de variáveis climáticas, edáficas e distância geográfica explicaram os padrões de beta diversidade, evidenciando a importância em compreender os processos ecológicos e evolutivos que causam os padrões de biodiversidade. No Capítulo 3, demonstramos que as dimensões taxonômica, funcional e filogenética de samambaias ao longo da Mata Atlântica são concordantes apenas em algumas regiões. Destacamos a importância das ecorregiões da Costa e Interior da Bahia, por comportarem uma grande parte de alta diversidade para todas as dimensões. Identificamos uma diminuição nas diversidades taxonômica e filogenética, e um aumento na diversidade funcional em cenários futuros de mudanças climáticas. Discutimos como esses resultados apontam para um processo de homogeneização das comunidades de samambaias e a consequente diminuição da sua resistência. Esse resultado é especialmente importante quando combinado com a baixa proteção por Unidades de Conservação para todas as dimensões da diversidade. Esta tese apresenta novas informações sobre a diversidade e distribuição de samambaias e licófitas, evidenciando, principalmente, os diferentes padrões encontrados entre as linhagens e a alta ameaça que as mudanças climáticas representam para a diversidade destes organismos da Mata Atlântica.Abstract: Biodiversity encompasses all variation in biological systems, from the molecular to the ecosystem level, and its study is crucial in the fields of ecology and biogeography. Recent approaches propose considering multiple dimensions of biodiversity, such as taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic, for a more holistic understanding and appropriate application in conservation actions. Moreover, evaluating different components of biodiversity (alpha, beta, and gamma) is critical in understanding various aspects of diversity patterns and their determinants. Ferns and lycophytes are two distinct lineages of vascular plants that share many morphological, physiological, and functional characteristics. The Atlantic Forest is an interesting region for these groups, given the great richness and endemism found in the biome, mainly associated with the historical climatic and geological background, as well as the great environmental variability. In this thesis, we describe the distribution patterns and different dimensions of diversity of ferns and lycophytes in the Atlantic Forest, as well as evaluate the impacts of climate change and the effectiveness of protected areas in conserving diversity. In Chapter 1, we demonstrate that the richness and range sizes of ferns and lycophytes are associated with climatic and ecological variables. We identify regions with high diversity and with small-ranged species concentrated in the central area of the biome. Furthermore, protected areas are insufficient in conserving diversity within this region. In Chapter 2, we reveal that the species composition of ferns and lycophytes changes between ecoregions of the Atlantic Forest. Turnover was more important in explaining dissimilarities in species composition across the entire Atlantic Forest and within each ecoregion. However, nestedness was more important in explaining changes in composition between ecoregions. Different combinations of climatic, edaphic, and geographic distance variables explained the patterns of beta diversity, highlighting the importance of understanding the ecological and evolutionary processes that cause biodiversity patterns. In Chapter 3, we show that the taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic dimensions of ferns along the Atlantic Forest are only concordant in some regions. We highlight the importance of the Coastal and Interior ecoregions of Bahia, as they harbor a significant part of high diversity for all dimensions. We identify a decrease in taxonomic and phylogenetic diversities, and an increase in functional diversity in future climate change scenarios. We discuss how these results may indicate a process of homogenization of fern communities and the consequent decrease in their resilience. This result is especially important when combined with the low protection by protected areas for all diversity dimensions. This thesis presents new insights into the diversity and distribution of ferns and lycophytes, highlighting, in particular, the different patterns found among lineages and the high threat that climate changes represent for the diversity of these organisms in the Atlantic Forest
Filogenia e evolução de caracteres do gênero de samambaias Cyclodium C. Presl (Dryopteridaceae)
No full textOrientador: Prof. Dr. Paulo H. Labiak EvangelistaCoorientador: Dr. Fernando Bittencourt MatosDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica. Defesa : Curitiba, 28/03/2019.Inclui referências: p. 147-149.Resumo: Cyclodium é um gênero de samambaias leptosporangiadas da família Dryopteridaceae, caracterizado morfologicamente por suas frondes férteis e estéreis geralmente dimorfas, soros arredondados, e indúsios peltados. A maioria das espécies é terrestre e sua distribuição é exclusivamente neotropical, ocorrendo desde o Panamá e Trindade até a Argentina, Paraguai e sudeste do Brasil. Cyclodium pertence ao clado das samambaias polibotrióides, composto principalmente por plantas hemiepifíticas e com frondes dimorfas. Os objetivos deste trabalho são investigar as relações filogenéticas das espécies de Cyclodium e do gênero com outros grupos de Dryopteridaceae, a evolução de 12 caracteres morfológicos e do hábito, além de atualizar a taxonomia para o gênero. A análise filogenética foi conduzida através de cinco sequências de DNA cloroplastidial (rbcL, rps4- trnS, trnG-trnR, psbA-trnH e trnP-petG), utilizado os métodos Bayesiano e de Máxima Verossimilhança. A análise incluiu 24 terminais de Cyclodium (78% das espécies e variedades anteriormente descritas por Smith). Os resultados demonstram que Cyclodium é monofilético e grupo irmão de Polybotrya. Além disto, C. calophyllum, C. heterodon, C. inerme, C. meniscioides, C. trianae var. trianae e C. trianae var. chocoense são monofiléticas. Quatro caracteres morfológicos foram úteis para suportar a monofilia de alguns grupos: indúsio peltado para o gênero; a ausência de escamas na face abaxial da costa para C. alansmithii e C. inerme; esporos com a perina perfurada para C. heterodon, C. alansmithii, C. inerme, C. akawaiorum, C. meniscioides, C. calophyllum, C. guianense, and C. rheophilum, e reverte para não perfurado em C. guianense e C. inerme; dimorfismo das frondes férteis e estéreis e ápice conforme para C. akawaiorum e C. meniscioides. Na revisão do gênero, reconhecemos 13 espécies de Cyclodium, considerando as novidades taxonômicas que foram propostas como as espécies novas C. alansmithii e C. pubescens, a mudança de status de variedade para espécie da variedade de C. trianae, e a união das variedades de C. heterodon e C. meniscioides no táxon de origem. Foram designados lectótipos para C. calophyllum, C. guianense e C. meniscioides.Abstract: Cyclodium is a leptosporangiate fern genus that belongs to Dryopteridaceae, morphologically characterized by its usually dimorphic fertile-sterile fronds, round sori, and peltate indusia. Most of species are terrestrial and it is exclusively neotropical, occurring from Panama and Trinidad to Argentina, Paraguay, and southeastern Brazil. Cyclodium belongs to the polybotryoid clade, which is mostly represented by hemiepiphytic plants with dimorphic fronds. The goals of this study are to investigate the phylogenetic relationships among Cyclodium species and between the genus with other groups of Dryopteridaceae, the character evolution of 12 morphological characters, and growth habit, besides to update the taxonomy of the genus. The phylogeny was built using five cloroplastidial DNA (rbcL, rps4-trnS, trnGtrnR, psbA-trnH, and trnP-petG), under the Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian methods. The analysis included 24 Cyclodium terminals (78% of species and varieties previously described by Smith). The results show that the genus is monophyletic and sister to Polybotrya. Furthermore, C. calophyllum, C. heterodon, C. inerme, C. meniscioides, C. trianae var. trianae and C. trianae var. chocoense are monophyletic. Four morphoplogical characters were useful to support the monophyly of certain groups: peltate indusium for Cyclodium; the absence of scales on costae abaxially for C. alansmithii and C. inerme; perforated perine of spores for C. heterodon, C. alansmithii, C. inerme, C. akawaiorum, C. meniscioides, C. calophyllum, C. guianense, and C. rheophilum, whitch reverts to non-perforated in C. guianense and C. inerme; sterile-fertile fronds dimorphism and conform apex for C. akawaiorum and C. meniscioides. On the genus revision, we recognized 13 species of Cyclodium, including the taxonomic novelties proposed, as the new species C. alansmithii and C. pubescens, the variety C. trianae raising status to species, and the lumping of the varieties of C. heterodon and C. meniscioides in the autonymic taxon. Lectotypes were designated to C. calophyllum, C. guianense and C. meniscioides
Caracterização da Butirilcolinesterase e análise do efeito de metais pesados na atividade e formas moleculares da enzima em peixes Hoplias intermedius
No full textOrientadora : Lupe Furtado AlleCoorientadora: Luciane Viater TureckMonografia (Bacharelado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná. Setor de Ciências Biológicas. Curso de Graduação em Ciências Biológica
The ferns and lycophytes of Reserva Natural Guaricica, Antonina, Paraná, Brazil
No full textWe found 204 species of pteridophytes in Reserva Natural Guaricica, a private natural heritage reserve (RPPN) in Antonina, Paraná, Brazil. With approximately 8,600 ha and elevations ranging from sea level to 600 m, RPPN Guaricica has more species of pteridophytes than any other area in Paraná. Ferns are represented by 194 species in 82 genera and 26 families, whereas lycophytes comprise 10 species in four genera and two families. The RPPN is the type locality of two recently described species: Hypolepis acantha Schwartsb. and Oleandra australis Schwartsb. & J.Prado. It is also the only place of occurrence of Didymoglossum angustifrons Fée, Diplazium riedelianum (Bong. ex Kuhn) C.Chr., Pteris ensiformis Burm.f., P. tripartita Sw., Saccoloma elegans Kaulf., and Steiropteris polypodioides (Raddi) Salino & T.E.Almeida in Paraná. Pteris ensiformis and Saccoloma brasiliense (C.Presl) Mett. are new state records. Additional species are expected to occur in the area, in view of their known geographical ranges
Data_Sheet_1_Relationship Between Growth Trajectories and Functional Traits for Woody Trees in a Secondary Tropical Forest.docx
No full textAbsolute growth rates change with tree size and age, shifting throughout species ontogeny. The study on interspecific variation in plant traits has generated important insights into the life-history strategies and their consequences for ecosystem functioning. However, it remains unknown to what extent – and even if – species’ functional traits are related to the variation in their growth trajectories. We set out to model growth trajectories of 45 woody species from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest in a secondary subtropical forest under regeneration, aiming to understand if species can be grouped by their growth patterns throughout ontogeny and if these groups could be classified in distinct ecological strategies based on key plant traits. We used a maximum likelihood estimation approach to predict growth trajectories using three ecologically relevant parameters [maximum growth rate (Gmax), diameter at maximum growth rate (Dopt), and the ontogenetic variability in growth rate (K)] followed by multivariate analyses to detect associations among phylogenetic relationships, plant traits, and growth parameters and classify species into growth pattern groups. Across species, growth trajectory parameters varied widely. The cluster analysis identified three distinct groups based on growth trajectories parameters, which were not functionally or ecologically well defined. Our findings supports the idea that traits describing plant size and tree shape, such as maximum height, canopy volume and height to diameter ratio, were generally the best predictors of species growth parameters throughout ontogeny, even though traits representing resource-use and reproductive strategies also played a significant role. Growth-trait framework can be understood as a continuum of multi-trait combinations where, at one end of the gradient, we find trees with higher growth rate and larger diameters supporting a voluminous canopy combined with lower investment in leaf tissue and smaller diaspore; at the other end, taller trees supporting a smaller canopy with higher investment in leaf tissue and longer diaspore. Ultimately, we have shown that tree architecture, leaf and reproductive traits significantly influence growth trajectory along tree ontogeny, which may be the reason why objectively grouping species based on growth-trajectories parameters is ineffective, at least in highly diverse secondary subtropical forests undergoing regeneration.</p
Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network
No full textThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of scientific reductionism, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora.Brazilian Biodiversity Information System (SiBBr)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Brazilian FAPsFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ)Inst Pesquisas Jardim Bot Rio de Janeiro, Rio De Janeiro, BrazilUniv Fed Rio de Janeiro, Rio De Janeiro, BrazilEmpresa Brasileira Pesquisa Agropecuaria, Brasilia, DF, BrazilInst Bot Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, BrazilUniv Estadual Feira de Santana, Feira De Santana, BA, BrazilKew, Royal Bot Gardens, Richmond, Surrey, EnglandUniv Estadual Paulista, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Carlos, Sao Carlos, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Pernambuco, Recife, PE, BrazilUniv Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Paraiba, BrazilUniv Fed Bahia, Salvador, BA, BrazilUniv Fed Parana, Curitiba, Parana, BrazilUniv Brasilia, Brasilia, DF, BrazilUniv Nacl La Plata, La Plata, ArgentinaUniv Fed Mato Grosso, Cuiaba, MG, BrazilUniv Estado Bahia, Salvador, BA, BrazilUniv Fed Fluminense, Niteroi, RJ, BrazilInst Bot Darwinion, Acassuso, BA, BrazilConservatoire & Jardin Bot Ville Geneve, Pregny Chambesy, SwitzerlandUniv Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA USAUSDA, Miami, FL USAMuseu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, Belem, Para, BrazilUniv Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Mexico City, DF, MexicoIKIAM Univ Reg Amazon, Tena, EcuadorUniv Fed Sergipe, Sao Cristova, Sergipe, BrazilPrefeitura Municipal Cariacica ES, Cariacica, ES, BrazilInst Fed Educ Ciencia & Tecnol Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, BrazilUniv Santa Cecilia, Santos, SP, BrazilCtr Univ Fac Metropolitanas Unidas, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Maranhao, Sao Luis, Maranhao, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilInst Nacl Mata Atlantica, Santa Teresa, BrazilUniv Estado Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, BrazilUniv Estado Rio de Janeiro, Rio De Janeiro, BrazilUniv Estadual Campinas, Campinas, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Tocantins, Palmas, BrazilFac Guanambi, Guanambi, BrazilUniv Fed Alagoas, Maceio, Alagoas, BrazilUniv Fed Juiz de Fora, Juiz De Fora, MG, BrazilUniv Fed Vicosa, Vicosa, MG, BrazilUniv Fed Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, BrazilUniv Estadual Sudoeste Bahia, Candeias, BA, BrazilUniv Fed Espirito Santo, Vitoria, BrazilUniv Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilUniv Fed Rural Pernambuco, Recife, PE, BrazilUniv Reg Blumenau, Blumenau, SC, BrazilUniv Estadual Santa Cruz, Ilheus, BA, BrazilInst Bot Nordeste, Corrientes, ArgentinaBot Staatssammlung Munchen, Munich, GermanyInst Amparo Ciencia Tecnol & Inovacao Roraima, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Estadual Ctr Oeste Parana, Guarapuava, Parana, BrazilUniv Fed Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, BrazilUniv Fed Pampa, Bage, RS, BrazilUniv Estadual Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, BrazilMarie Selby Bot Gardens, Sarasota, FL USAUniv Estadual Londrina, Londrina, Parana, BrazilUniv Fed Goias, Goiania, Go, BrazilUniv Fed Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, BrazilFundacao Univ Fed Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, BrazilPontificia Univ Catolica de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, BrazilUniv Estadual Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilNew York Bot Garden, Bronx, NY USAUniv Aarhus, Aarhus, DenmarkUniv Estado Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, BrazilNat Hist Museum Wien, Vienna, AustriaInst Patrimonio Hist & Artist Nacl, Sitio Burle Marx, Rio De Janeiro, BrazilUniv Fed Campina Grande, Campina Grande, Paraiba, BrazilColumbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USAMississippi State Univ, Mississippi State, MS USAInst Tecnol Vale, Belem, Para, BrazilUniv Fed Uberlandia, Uberlandia, MG, BrazilConsejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, INIBIOMA, San Carlos De Bariloche, Rio Negro, ArgentinaUniv Estado Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, BrazilMilwaukee Publ Museum, Milwaukee, WI USAUniv Cidade Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilPontificia Univ Catolica Rio de Grande, Belo Horizonte, MG, BrazilUniv Fed Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, BrazilInst Nacl de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Manaus, Amazonas, BrazilMinist Publ Estado Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, BrazilUniv Fed Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, BrazilUniv Fed Oeste Bahia, Barreiras, BrazilOhio Wesleyan Univ, Delaware, OH USAUniv Estadual Norte Fluminense, Rio De Janeiro, BrazilUniv Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USAUniv Fed Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, BrazilUniv Fed Rural Rio de Janeiro, Rio De Janeiro, BrazilMuseo Argentino Ciencias Nat Bernardino Rivadavia, Buenos Aires, DF, ArgentinaUniv Tokyo, Tokyo 1138654, JapanRoyal Bot Garden Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Midlothian, ScotlandUniv Med Ctr Groningen, Groningen, NetherlandsUniv Fed Rural Amazonia, Belem, Para, BrazilInst Fed Farroupilha, Santa Maria, RS, BrazilUniv Estadual Vale Acarau, Sobral, Ceara, BrazilUniv Fed Reconcavo Bahia, Cruz Das Almas, BrazilSmithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USAUniv Fed Vales Jequitinhonha & Mucuri, Teofilo Otoni, MG, BrazilUniv Fed Sul Bahia, Itabuna, BrazilUniv Nacl Colombia, Bogota, ColombiaUniv Chile, Santiago, ChileUniv Caxias do Sul, Caxias Do Sul, RS, BrazilInst Fed Minas Gerais Campus Bambui, Bambui, MG, BrazilUniv Fed Triangulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, BrazilUniv Estacio Sa, Rio De Janeiro, BrazilThermo Fisher Sci, Waltham, MA USAUniv Estadual Maranhao, Sao Luis, Maranhao, BrazilUniv Estadual Mato Grosso, Caceres, MG, BrazilFac Marechal Rondon, Sao Manuel, SP, BrazilCalif Acad Sci, San Francisco, CA 94118 USAUniv Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, DF, ArgentinaCtr Univ UNA, Belo Horizonte, MG, BrazilUniv Nacl Nordeste, Corrientes, ArgentinaUniv Fed Piaui, Teresina, BrazilInst Fed Piaui, Teresina, BrazilJardim Bot Cubatao, Cubatao, BrazilUniv Turku, Turku, FinlandUniv Nacl Cordoba, Cordoba, ArgentinaUniv Estadual Maringa, Maringa, Parana, BrazilJardim Bot Plantarum, Nova Odessa, SP, BrazilUniv Estadual Piaui, Teresina, BrazilUniv Fed Delta Parnaiba, Parnaiba, BrazilJardim Bot Brasilia, Brasilia, DF, BrazilInst Fed Educ Ciencia & Tecnol Para, Belem, Para, BrazilUniv Fed Vale Sao Francisco, Petrolina, BrazilJardim Bot Recife, Recife, PE, BrazilUniv Free State, Bloemfontein, South AfricaPrefeitura Municipal Mariana MG, Mariana, MG, BrazilPontificia Univ Catolica Rio de Janeiro, Rio De Janeiro, BrazilSecretaria Estadual Educ Rio de Janeiro, Rio De Janeiro, BrazilUniv Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USAUniv Fed Sao Joao Del Rei, Sao Joao Del Rei, BrazilUniv Fed Estado Rio de Janeiro, Rio De Janeiro, BrazilUniv Estadual Paraiba, Campina Grande, Paraiba, BrazilUniv Laval, Quebec City, PQ G1K 7P4, CanadaUniv Fed Oeste Para, Santarem, Para, BrazilUniv Bayreuth, Bayreuth, GermanyUniv Fed Para, Belem, Para, BrazilSwedish Museum Nat Hist, Stockholm, SwedenUniv Fed Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, BrazilHillfield Strathallan Coll, Hamilton, ON, CanadaUniv Fed Integracao Latino Amer, Foz Do Iguacu, BrazilUniv Fed Rural Semi Arido, Mossoro, BrazilIPF Solucoes Florestais, Rio De Janeiro, BrazilUniv Tecnol Fed Parana, Curitiba, Parana, BrazilArboribus Consultoria & Planejamento Ambiental, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Paris Saclay, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Paris, FranceUniv Fed Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, BrazilUniv Estadual Oeste Parana, Cascavel, Parana, BrazilFed Univ ABC, Santo Andre, SP, BrazilUniv Estadual Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, BrazilInst Fed Para, Belem, Para, BrazilInst Agron Campinas, Campinas, SP, BrazilInst Fed Bahia, Salvador, BA, BrazilUniv Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USAIowa State Univ, Iowa City, IA USAMuseu Nacl Hist Nat Paris, Paris, FranceUniv Nacl Rio Cuarto, Rio Cuarto, ArgentinaUniv Coimbra, Coimbra, PortugalInst Nacl Tecnol, Rio De Janeiro, BrazilUniv Fed Ciencias Saude Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilScientifik Consultoria Ltda, Sao Jose Dos Campos, SP, BrazilInst Fed Educ Ciencia & Tecnol Goias Campus Formo, Formosa, Goias, BrazilSecretaria Estadual Educ Cameta PA, Cameta, PA, BrazilInst Agron Pernambuco, Recife, PE, BrazilInst Fed Educ Ciencia & Tecnol Rio Grande do Sul, Rio Grande, RS, BrazilUniv Panama, Panama City, PanamaInst Anchietano Pesquisas, Sao Leopoldo, RS, BrazilCtr Univ Araguaia, Goiania, Go, BrazilUniv Mogi das Cruzes, Mogi Das Cruzes, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Acre, Rio Branco, BrazilMissouri Bot Garden, St Louis, MO USAInst Nacl Tecnol Agropecuaria, Buenos Aires, DF, ArgentinaRhein Friedrich Wilhelms Univ, Bonn, GermanyEastern Kentucky Univ, Richmond, KY USAMiami Univ, Oxford, OH 45056 USAUniv Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405 USAUniv Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, RS, BrazilUniv Mayor San Andres, La Paz, BoliviaInst Invest Amazonia Peruana, Maynas, PeruField Museum Nat Hist, Chicago, IL USAUniv Fed Rondonia, Porto Velho, BrazilUniv Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USAUniv Gibraltar, Campus Europa Point, GibraltarMuseu Bot Municipal Curitiba, Curitiba, Parana, BrazilUniv Nilton Lins, Manaus, Amazonas, BrazilInst Pesquisas Cient & Tecnol Estado Amapa, Macapa, BrazilUniv Autonoma Madrid, Madrid, SpainBot Res Inst Texas, Ft Worth, TX USAInst Rech Dev, Marseille, FranceSecretaria Meio Ambiente & Infraestrutura RS Jard, Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilUniv Costa Rica, San Jose, Costa RicaUnilasalle Canoas, Canoas, BrazilCSIC, Real Jardin Bot, Madrid, SpainUniv Wisconsin, Madison, WI USAPrefeitura Cidade Rio de Janeiro, Rio De Janeiro, BrazilCtr Invest Cient Yucatan, Yucatan, MexicoUniv Fed Roraima, Boa Vista, Parana, BrazilInst Brasileiro Geog & Estat, Rio De Janeiro, BrazilUniv Nacl Mayor San Marcos, Lima, PeruInst Fed Educ Ciencia & Tecnol Mato Grosso, Cuiaba, BrazilUniv Estadual Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Parana, BrazilMaastricht Univ, Maastricht, NetherlandsUniv Pisa, Pisa, ItalyNat Hist Museum UK, London, EnglandInst Espanol Oceanog, Madrid, SpainUniv Antioquia, Medellin, Antioquia, ColombiaUniv Fed Rio Grande, Rio Grande, BrazilSenckenberg Res Inst Frankfurt M, Frankfurt, GermanyColorado Mesa Univ, Grand Junction, CO USAInst Chico Mendes Conservacao 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Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network
No full textInternational audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora
