42 research outputs found
Understanding human-water feedbacks of interventions in agricultural systems with agent based models: A review
No full textIncreased variability of the water cycle manifested by climate change is a growing global threat to agriculture with strong implications for food and livelihood security. Thus, there is an urgent need for adaptation in agriculture. Agricultural water management (AWM) interventions, interventions for managing water supply and demand, are extensively promoted and implemented as adaptation measures in multiple development programs globally. Studies assessing these adaptation measures overwhelmingly focus on positive impacts, however, there is a concern that these studies may be biased towards well-managed and successful projects and often miss out on reporting negative externalities. These externalities result from coevolutionary dynamics of human-water systems as AWM interventions impact hydrological flows and their use and adoption is shaped by the societal response. We review the documented externalities of AWM interventions and present a conceptual framework classifying negative externalities linked to water and human systems into negative hydrological externalities and unexpected societal feedbacks. We show that these externalities can lead to long term unsustainable and inequitable outcomes. Understanding how the externalities lead to undesirable outcomes demands rigorous modeling of the feedbacks between human and water systems, for which we discuss the key criteria that such models should meet. Based on these criteria, we showcase that differentiated and limited inclusion of key feedbacks in current water modeling approaches (e.g., hydrological models, hydro-economic, and water resource models) is a critical limitation and bottleneck to understanding and predicting negative externalities of AWM interventions. To account for the key feedback, we find Agent Based Modeling (ABM) as the method that has the potential to meet the key criteria. Yet there are gaps that need to be addressed in the context of ABM as a tool to unravel the negative externalities of AWM interventions. We carry out a systemic review of ABM application to agricultural systems, capturing how it is currently being applied and identifying the knowledge gaps that need to be bridged to unravel the negative externalities of AWM interventions. We find that ABM has been extensively used to model agricultural systems and, in many cases, the resulting externalities with unsustainable and inequitable outcomes. However, gaps remain in terms of limited use of integrated surface-groundwater hydrological models, inadequate representation of farmers' behavior with heavy reliance on rational choice or simple heuristics and ignoring heterogeneity of farmers' characteristics within a population
Sitotoksisitas rimpang temu mangga (Curcuma Mangga Val. & V. Zijp.) dan kunir putih (Curcuma Zedoaria L) terhadap beberapa sel kanker manusia (in vitro) dengan metoda SRB
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Mae Sri Hartati W, Sofia Mubarika, R. L. H. Bolhuis, K. Nooter, R. G. Oostrum, A. W. M. Boersma, Subagus Wahyuono - Cytotoxic effect on human cancer cell using SRB method (in vitro) rimpang temu mangga (Curcuma Mangga Val. & V. Zijp.) dan kunir putih (Curcuma Zedoaria I.).
Background: Temu mangga (Curcuma mangga) and kunir putih (Curcuma zedoaria) rhizomes have been utilized by people to treat cancer lately although clinically their activity has not been tested. Objectives: This study is aimed to prove their activity as anticancer on 7 major human cancers cell lines (in vitro), and to evaluate whether these two rhizomes are potential for new anticancer drug. Methods: The two rhizomes were separately extracted with chloroform followed by methanol to give chloroform extracts of C. mangga (CmCh) and C. zedoaria (CzCh)and methanol extracts of C. mangga (CmMe) and C. zedoaria (CzMe) respectively. These extracts were tested their cytotoxic effect on 7 major human cancer cell lines using SRB method (in vitro). Doxorubicin and cisplatin were used as positive controls, and their cytotoxic effects were measured by comparing their ID50 with that of the positive controls.
Results: Those four extracts (CmCh, CzCh, CmMe and CzMe) practically did not perform cytotoxic effect on those human cancer cell lines, because the extract\u27s ID50 was far higher than the positive controls on those human, cancers cell lines
Conclusion: The C. mangga and C. zedoaria rhizomes did not active as anticancer and they were not pOtential as the source of a new anticancer drug.
Key words: anticancer - Curcuma mangga - Curcuma zedoaria - cytotoxic - drug discover
Creating an enabling environment for industry-driven pest suppression: The case of suppressing Queensland fruit fly through area-wide management
No full textIncreasing concerns about pests call for the development and uptake of innovative pest management approaches. This coincides with many governments pushing for greater industry self-reliance. This paper investigates how to create a more enabling environment for local industries to suppress Queensland fruit fly (QFly) through industry-driven, area-wide management (AWM). This key recommended approach requires high technical capability and is reliant on cooperation between horticulture growers and other risk contributors, such as town residents, with QFly hosts on their properties. Agriculture Innovation Systems thinking and a functional-structural analysis are applied to the current QFly management innovation system to understand how it constrains or facilitates local industries pursuing AWM. This assists with identifying governance interventions that will support local industries to undertake AWM. Data is derived from semi-structured interviews with key informants from stakeholder groups and a grower survey in three regions where AWM has been achieved or is being attempted. Key blocking mechanisms hindering local industries to pursue AWM have been identified as a lack of local capacity; weak connections between local industries and the broader innovation system; lack of AWM investment; and reliance on voluntary cooperation. Suggestions for policy interventions include supporting intermediation; strengthening local capacity and enabling co-regulation.The author would like to acknowledge the support of the Australian
Government's Cooperative Research Centres Program, in particular, the
sponsorship received through the Australian Plant Biosecurity
Cooperative Research Centre for Project 64045
Single-cell RNA sequencing defines distinct disease subtypes and reveals hypo-responsiveness to interferon in asymptomatic Waldenstrom’s Macroglobulinemia
No full textWaldenstrom’s Macroglobulinemia (WM) is an IgM-secreting bone marrow (BM) lymphoma that is preceded by an asymptomatic state (AWM). To dissect tumor-intrinsic and immune mechanisms of progression, we perform single-cell RNA-sequencing on 294,206 BM tumor and immune cells from 30 patients with AWM/WM, 26 patients with Smoldering Myeloma, and 23 healthy donors. Despite their early stage, patients with AWM present extensive immune dysregulation, including in normal B cells, with disease-specific immune hallmarks. Patient T and NK cells show systemic hypo-responsiveness to interferon, which improves with interferon administration and may represent a therapeutic vulnerability. MYD88-mutant tumors show transcriptional heterogeneity, which can be distilled in a molecular classification, including a DUSP22/CD9-positive subtype, and progression signatures which differentiate IgM MGUS from overt WM and can help advance WM research and clinical practice. © The Author(s) 2025
A roadmap to consolidate research and innovation in agricultural water management in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Get PDF13 Pags.- 1 Fig.- 4 Tabls. Data availability: The data that has been used is confidential. © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license.Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) accumulates challenges in the areas of research and innovation (R&I), agricultural water management (AWM) and their intersection. In the decade 2012–2022, the BiH gross domestic product per capita in current US$ increased by 6.2% annually. However, improvements are slowly arriving in R&I and AWM. In this period, relevant challenges to AWM have materialized, such as climate change effects or the need to implement an interconnected vision of ecosystem services. In the R&I arena, the societal demand for knowledge goods remains low, while the reforms of higher education and R&I funding systems have become urgent. This paper set out to elaborate a realistic and feasible policy roadmap to consolidate R&I in AWM in BiH. The methodology included an assessment of policies and sector performance, the analysis of stakeholder perceptions, the development of strategic directions and the design of a strategy. Desk research and stakeholder consultations (33 interviews, six workshops, 179 persons in total) were used to take stock of the current situation and expectations for the future. Stakeholders were divided into knowledge supply and knowledge demand, with five and six subcategories, respectively. Relations were established among the key enabling factors, the needs and the capacities of the involved stakeholders. The TOWS (Threats, Opportunities, Weaknesses and Strengths) matrix permitted to identify policy strategies. A Weaknesses – Opportunities, conservative or mini-maxi strategy was selected, owing to the relevance of system weaknesses (such as low investments, poor return of R&I to society or low R&I for AWM adaptation) and opportunities (such as the Green Agenda for the Western Balkans, Smart Specialization or regional partnerships). The policy roadmap was structured along three policy goals: strengthen R&I, strengthen AWM and identify / fund local R&I priorities for AWM. Policy goals included policy instruments promoting eco-efficient use of resources and sustainable development of rural areas.This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 952396.Peer reviewe
How accurate is physical examination in diagnosing subacromial impingement?
Get PDFINTRODUCTION: Primary subacromial impingement occurs when coracoacromial complex impinges the rotator cuff during movement of shoulder. The study aimed to investigate the accuracy of 5 described impingement signs in predicting a type III acromion found during shoulder arthroscopy. METHODS: A total of 103 shoulder arthroscopies performed by the senior author between July 2008 and June 2013 were recruited. Significant subacromial impingement was defined as a type III ...postprin
Expression of p53, Bcl-2 and Bax in cisplatin-induced apoptosis in testicular germ cell tumour cell lines
No full textAnsiedade matemática e memória de trabalho afetiva
Get PDFThis dissertation aimed to try to highlight the relationship between mathematics anxiety (MA) and affective working memory (AWM), a construct that has been studied over the last few years and, in the opinion of the author of this work, it is essential to take into account in any model that aims to explain the mechanisms of action of mathematical anxiety. In this sense, a qualitative systematic review was carried out, which aimed to answer the following question: is there evidence for the construct of affective working memory? In order to answer it, a systematic search was carried out in the following databases: PubMed, PsycINFO and Web of Science, with the following search terms: “affective working memory” and “emotional working memory”. The results were presented and condensed into a narrative synthesis. Likewise, a theoretical review was carried out in which we sought to present AM, articulating it with the AWM construct, which allows to shed light on the mechanisms of action of MA on performance, especially in more complex mathematical tasks, which suffer most its effects. It was concluded, therefore, that the AWM construct seems to be empirically supported, at least according to the studies analyzed and, as MA is an anxiety with a specific object, it can be conjectured that there is some relationship between MA and AWM.Esta dissertação objetivou tentar evidenciar a relação entre a ansiedade matemática (AM) e a memória de trabalho afetiva (MTA), um constructo que vem sendo estudado no decorrer dos últimos anos e, ao entender do autor deste trabalho, é primordial levar em consideração em qualquer modelo que vise a explicar os mecanismos de ação da ansiedade matemática. Nesse sentido, foi realizada uma revisão sistemática qualitativa, que teve como objetivo responder à seguinte pergunta: existem evidências para o constructo memória de trabalho afetiva? Com vistas a respondê-la, foi realizada uma busca sistematizada nos seguintes bancos de dados: PubMed, PsycINFO e Web of Science, com os seguintes termos de busca: “affective working memory” e “emotional working memory”. Os resultados foram apresentados e condensados em uma síntese narrativa. De igual modo, foi realizada uma revisão teórica em que se buscou apresentar a AM articulando-a ao constructo MTA, a qual permite lançar luz sobre os mecanismos de ação da AM sobre o desempenho, especial em tarefas matemáticas mais complexas, as quais mais sofrem seus efeitos. Concluiu-se, pois, que o constructo MTA parece sustentar-se empiricamente, ao menos segundo os estudos analisados e, sendo a AM uma ansiedade com objeto específico, pode-se conjecturar que exista, alguma relação entre a AM e a MTA
Constitutive expression of the c-H-ras oncogene inhibits doxorubicin-induced apoptosis and promotes cell survival in a rhabdomyosarcoma cell line
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