163,682 research outputs found
The Impact of Institutional Differences on Derivatives Usage: A Comparative Study of US and Dutch Firms
No full textThis paper tests the influence of institutional differences on risk management practices.Several survey studies have investigated derivatives usage for risk management purposes in the US (see, among others, Bodnar, Hayt, Marston and Smithson, 1995 and Bodnar, Hayt and Marston, 1996, 1998).In this paper, we compare derivative practices of US and Dutch firms.This comparison is interesting because the institutional setting for Dutch firms differs from the US setting with respect to shareholder orientation, international trade, disclosure regulation, and the reliance on financial markets.In a number of survey studies additional countries have been studied, such as New Zealand (Berkman, Bradbury and Magan, 1997), Sweden (Alkebäck and Hagelin, 1999) and Germany (Bodnar and Gebhardt, 1999).In contrast with these papers, we facilitate a comparison by applying a matching and a weighting strategy, which corrects for different distributions over industry and size classes in the Dutch and US samples.After these corrections, the remaining results can be attributed to institutional differences.We find that Dutch firms hedge more financial risk. Because of the greater openness of the Netherlands, Dutch firms experience far more foreign exchange exposure and hedge more currency risk.US firms have more concerns regarding derivative usage, which may be linked to the stricter disclosure requirements in the US.US firms also focus more on accounting earnings, which may be attributable to the shareholder orientation in the US versus the stakeholder orientation in the Netherlands.Whereas Dutch firms tend to rely on OTC-transactions, US firms use exchange-traded derivatives and therefore require a higher counter party rating for derivatives transactions. This distinction can be accredited to the differences in the financial environments between the US and the Netherlands.The aforementioned results indicate that institutional differences between the US and the Netherlands have a significant effect on the risk management practices and derivatives use of US and Dutch firms.risk management;hedging;derivatives
Papers presented at the eleventh annual V. M. Goldschmidt Conference : May 20-24, 2001, Hot Springs, Virginia, USA
No full textGeochemical Society Mineralogical Society of America Lunar and Planetary Institute Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University European Association of Geochemistry Oak Ridge National Laboratory National Aeronautics and Space Administrationconveners, Robert J. Bodnar, Michael F. Hochella Jr.PARTIAL CONTENTS: Transport of Rare Earth Elements by Fluids During Barrovian-Style Metamorphism / J.J. Ague -- Radiogenic Ingrowth in Systems with Multiple Reservoirs: Applications to the Differentiation of the Mantle-Crust System / F. Albaréde -- Sulfur and Oxygen Isotope Analysis of Sulfate in the Vostok, Antarctica Core: A New Pyrolysis Technique in a Continuous Flow System / B. Alexander ... [and others] -- Application of Laser Combustion Technique to the Study of Sulfur Isotopes in Metamorphic Rocks from Bamble Sector, S. Norway / S. Alirezaei and E.M. Cameron -- Experimental Synthesis of Some Reduced Carbon Compounds: Implications for Mid-Ocean Ridge Hydrothermal Systems / D.E. Allen, J. Horita, and W.E. Seyfried Jr
Remaking America: Public Memory, Commemoration and Patriotism in the 20th Century [Review of: J. Bodnar (1996) De strijd om herinnering]
No full text[Report to Chief J. E. Curry, by an unknown author #1]
No full textReport to Chief J. E. Curry, by an unknown author. The report contains a list of officers who gave depositions to the United States Attorney
[Report to Chief J. E. Curry, by an unknown author #2]
No full textReport to Chief J. E. Curry, by an unknown author. The report contains a list of officers who gave depositions to the United States Attorney
Re-equilibration of primary fluid inclusions in peritectic garnet from metapelitic enclaves, El Hoyazo, Spain
No full textPrimary-appearing fluid (Fl) and melt (FI) inclusions occur in peritectic garnet from restitic enclaves from El Hoyazo (Spain). The inclusions were trapped under conditions of immiscibility during partial melting of the enclaves. Trapped fluids in Bt-Grt-Sil and Spl-Crd enclaves have been characterized by microthermometric. Raman spectroscopic, electron microprobe (EMP) and transmission electron microprobe (TEM) analyses to better constrain melt and fluid products and pressure conditions of the partial melting event. In Bt-Grt-Sil enclaves, Fl are one phase and contain a CO(2)-N(2) mixture, sometimes with graphite as trapped phase. In Spl-Crd enclaves, Fl are two phase and contain an H(2)O-rich (<= 90 mol%), with minor amounts of CO(2), N(2), and traces of H(2)S and CH(4). Graphite often occurs as a trapped phase in the H(2)O-rich Fl, and rare carbonates and other accessory minerals are also observed. Although decrepitation features are not recognized during examination with a petrographic microscope, Fl densities based on mass balance constraints are always lower than expected at the inferred PT conditions of entrapment, 5-7 kbar and 800-900 degrees C. Extremely low densities (approximate to 0.1 g cm(-1)) of Fl in Bt-Grt-Sil enclaves suggest a pressure <= 500 bar at 800-900 degrees C, while densities up to 0.53 g cm(-1) in Spl-Crd enclaves indicate P kbar at 800-900 degrees C. Re-equilibration is likely to have occurred via partial decrepitation, as suggested by TEM studies that show rare partially annealed sub-pm cracks, containing small cavities, which may have been the pathways for fluid movement out of the inclusions. MI coexisting with Fl have a rhyolitic, peraluminous composition, with higher H(2)O contents of MI in Spl-Crd enclaves (approximate to 9 wt.%) compared to MI in Bt-Grt-Sil enclaves (approximate to 3 wt.%). Based on published data, peritectic garnet in Spl-Crd enclaves grew in the presence of a leucogranitic melt saturated in an H(2)O-rich fluid, in good agreement with the inferred garnet PT growth conditions. The composition of the fluid phase coexisting with melt in Bt-Grt-Sil enclaves cannot be evaluated owing to the almost complete decrepitation and fluid loss from Fl, and may only be inferred to have been more CO(2)-rich, based on the lower H(2)O content of the coexisting melt
sj-pdf-1-lan-10.1177_00236772231169550 - Supplemental material for Mouse isoflurane anesthesia using the drop method
No full textSupplemental material, sj-pdf-1-lan-10.1177_00236772231169550 for Mouse isoflurane anesthesia using the drop method by Maya J Bodnar, Anna S Ratuski and Daniel M Weary in Laboratory Animals</p
Source of magmas that generated eruptive products at Mt. Somma-Vesuvius and Campi Flegrei based on melt inclusions
No full textDefinizione e discussione sulle sorgenti magmatiche attraverso lo studio delle melt inclusions del Vesuvio e dei campi Flegre
Do melt inclusions record the pre-eruptive volatile content of magmas?
No full textLa pubblicazione discute della bontà dello studio delle inclusioni silicatiche (melt inclusions) quale strumento per registrare il contenuto in elementi volatili prima dell'evento eruttiv
Geochemical study of the Solchiaro (Procida Island, Campi Flegrei) eruptive products by microthermometry and microanalysis of fluid and melt inclusions
No full textSi tratta dello studio geochimico-vulcanologico dei prodotti eruttivi dell'eruzione di Solchiaro nei Campi Flegrei attraverso indagini meicrotermometriche e microanalitiche delle inclusioni silicatiche (mel inclusions
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