183 research outputs found
Animalia Humorosum: Aesop's animal fables made more believable with a modern twist
No full textThere is much that is unusual about this 8½” square booklet of 28 pages followed by two pages of advertisements for other books by Óla. For starters, the pages are purple with light-colored typeface and cutout colored characters in partial-page illustrations. The T of C uses superscript to indicate page numbers for the twelve fables. That same page clarifies that Ólafia L. Óla is a pseudonym for V. Subhash. In TH, the hare, not the tortoise, challenges to a race upon no provocation. The author turns this tale into the more usual “Rabbit Races the Hedgehog,” famous among Grimm’s fairytales. Every one of the species looks the same to the superficial hare. In LM, after the mouse frees the lion, the hungry lion eats the mouse. “Steer clear of known dangers.” DW is told just as in the tradition. “Better die on your feet than live on your knees.” In TB, the second traveler takes off his socks; the smell of them revolts the bear, who departs. What did the bear whisper to him? “Tell that fellow that trees offer no safety because bears are good climbers.” The ox makes up a snake friend to worry the dog out of his manger. A passing hunter saves the shepherd boy attacked by a real wolf. The mice do manage to get a bell around the cat’s neck by having it ready around their hole when the cat pokes in its head. Two foxes jump for grapes. One reacts according to the tradition. The other says the effort has been stupid. “We are foxes. We don’t eat grapes. Let’s go and catch some rabbits.” One of two crows suggests the traditional pebble approach. The other says that will take too much time and too many pebbles and will dirty the water. He manages to knock over the pitcher and they can drink both from the water spilled and the water still in the overturned pitcher. The owner of the golden goose eventually stops reading his mail, misses paying taxes, loses his property, and has to give up the goose as compensation for the unpaid taxes. The wolf escapes the lambskin and never comes back. The crow removes the doughnut from his mouth and tells the fox to move along.Ólafia L. Óla (V. Subhash
Evolved Infantry Subhash Mukhopadhyay/ বিবর্তিত পদাতিক সুভাষ মুখোপাধ্যায়
No full textWhen the present moves towards the future, leaving the past as a witness, it changes itself and reaches its end. In this change, even if the external structure changes, the ideological infrastructure remains intact. Then we do not call it change, but evolution. However, this evolution is not only an evolution of spatial geography and temporal dimensions; it is also an evolution of the mind and mood of the evolved person. Subhash Mukherjee is no exception of this thinking. He is a real example of such evolution. Not only in his political philosophy of life, but also in his literary-centered meditations, poet Subhash Mukhopadhyay did not follow a set path. He changed his opinion, but remained steadfast in his goal. He moved away from leftism ideology and joined hands
with Gandhism. That is true. However, he did not abandon communism. Evolution is the law of the ideological universe. But we must see to it that, that evolved consciousness does not hurt the collective convictions. Subhash Mukhopadhyay is a skilled thinker-artist in this work.
Therefore, in the article under discussion, the primary intention of the author will be to create an outline of evolution in terms of Subhash Mukhopadhyay’s criticism of life, social consciousness, political thought, poetic thought, poetic justice, linguistic thought, aesthetic sense etc. It is to be noted that more examples will be provided from the poet\u27s various poems to authenticate the logical tradition of the discussion. However, for the purpose of presenting the subject matter of the article, various literary forms such as novels, letters or songs will also be used in addition to the poet\u27s poems. And by the end of the article, following these steps, we will reach the evolved consciousness of poet Subhash Mukhopadhyay
Effect of Cyclodextrin Garcinol Complex on Pressure Overload- Induced Cardiotoxicity and Cardiac Hypertrophy by Aortic Stenosis in Rats
No full textBackground: Garcinol is a polyisoprenylated benzophenone derived from rinds of fruit of Garcinia species namely Garciniaindica (common name ‘Kokum’) and Garcinia cambogia (common name ‘Gombogee’). Garcinol is not stable and has poor bioavailability which can be improved by complexing garcinol with cyclodextrin (cyclodextringarcinol complex). Objective: The objective of the present study was to investigate effect of cyclodextrin-garcinol complex (20 mg/kg/) on pressure overloadinduced cardiotoxicity and cardiac hypertrophy by aortic stenosis in rats. Methods: Male Wistar rats (250-300g) were divided into following four groups such as: control, sham, stenosis and cyclodextrin-garcinol complex. Daily body weights were recorded. Cyclodextrin-garcinol complex (20 mg/kg/day) in distilled water, was administered orally to rats daily for 18 days and then the animals underwent surgery with aortic binding, the treatment was continued up to 4-6 weeks. Haemodynamic changes and electrocardiogram (ECG) were recorded in anaesthetized rats. Results: Pressure overload induced by arotic stenosis in rat resulted in significant myocardial hypertrophy and decreased endogenous antioxidants when compared with the control and sham group animals. Cyclodextrin-garcinol complex (20 mg/kg) showed significant cardioprotective activity by lowering the myocardial hypertrophy, level of lipid peroxidation (MDA content) as well as elevated the level of GSH. The results suggest pre-treatment of cyclodextrin-garcinol complex (20 mg/kg), may offer potential benefits in the management of cardiotoxicity and cardiac hypertrophy. Conclusion: It is concluded that cyclodextrin-garcinol complex (20 mg/kg) protected the haemodynamics of stenosized heart of rats by reduction of lipid peroxidation and preservation of endogenous antioxidants in rat heart
Decoding "Public authority" under the RTI act: a comment on Subhash Chandra Aggarwal v. Indian national congress
No full textThe June, 2013 order of the Central Information Commission ("CIC") in Subhash Chandra Aggarwal v. Indian National Congress which brought political parties within the scope of the Right to Information ("RTI") Act, has highlighted some issues regarding the drafting and interpretation of the RTI Act. The CIC held that the six national political parties which were respondents
in the case, have the ingredients that qualify them as "public authorities" within the meaning of section 2(h) of the RTI Act. In this comment the author argues that the reasoning for holding what constitutes substantial financing that makes a body a "public authority" is not clear and the interpretation of the definition of "public authority" is inconsisten
Flax lignan concentrate attenuate hypertension and abnormal left ventricular contractility via modulation of endogenous biomarkers in two-kidney-one-clip (2K1C) hypertensive rats
No full textAbstractThe present investigation was designed to study the effect of flax lignan concentrate obtained from Linum usitatissimum L., Linaceae, in two-kidney, one clip (2K1C) hypertension model in Wistar rats. 2K1C Goldblatt model rats were divided randomly into six groups: sham, 2K1C control, captopril (30mg/kg), flax lignan concentrate (200, 400 and 800mg/kg). Flax lignan concentrate and captopril were administered daily for eight consecutive weeks. Sham-operated, and 2K1C control rats received the vehicle. Treatment with flax lignan concentrate (400 and 800mg/kg) significantly and dose-dependently restored the hemodynamic parameters systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial blood pressure and left ventricular functions. The flax lignan concentrate significantly restored the elevated hepatic, renal and cardiac marker enzymes in the serum. It also restored the organs weights (kidney and heart), serum electrolyte level and histological abnormalities. Furthermore, flax lignan concentrate significantly elevated the level of biochemical markers that is enzymatic antioxidants superoxide dismutase, glutathione and decreased malondialdehyde in the heart and kidney tissues. Meanwhile, we found that plasma nitric oxide and plasma nitric oxide synthase contents were significantly increased in the flax lignan concentrate-treated group, and plasma endothelin-1 and renal angiotensin-II levels were significantly lower than 2K1C hypertensive group. In conclusion, the antihypertensive and antioxidant effect of flax lignan concentrate were dose-dependent and at the highest dose (i.e. 800mg/kg) similar to those of captopril (30mg/kg). It is suggested that flax lignan concentrate reduced blood pressure by reduction of renal angiotensin-II level, inhibition of plasma endothelin-1 production, induction of the nitric oxide, nitric oxide synthase and in vivo antioxidant defense system
Review on the induction of obesity in laboratory animals
No full textAbstractValid animal models are initial essential for successful screening of novel therapeutic strategies against all types of diseases. Development or selection of an animal model that resembles the human disease process and symptoms is dependent on a robust knowledge of the natural history and pathogenesis of the disease. The use of animal models thus becomes to understand the underlying physiological and genetic basis of energy regulation, taste and smell perception and food choice behaviour. Obesity is chronic metabolic disorder results from multiple etiologies like genetic, physiological, epigenetic and environmental factors. Animal models of obesity include direct measurement of food intake to long-term studies in animals exhibiting continuous overconsumption of food containing high calories and fat. It is of prime importance that we must choose the right models with high face, construct and predictive validity. Failing to select and use appropriate animal models impede successful discovery and development of safer and more potent therapeutics and wastage of money and time. We have thus provided a short review on currently available animal models of obesity. We discuss different method of induction of obesity in laboratory animals as well as the transgenic animals used in antiobesity drug discovery.Â
Antiulcer activity of aqueous extract of leaves of Madhuca indica J. F. Gmel against naproxen induced gastric mucosal injury in rats
No full textAbstractObjectiveTo evaluate antiulcer potential of aqueous extract of Madhuca indica (M. indica) J. F. Gmel leaves in rats.MethodsAqueous extract of M. indica J.F. Gmel leaves was tested at the dose of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o. against naproxen (30 mg/kg, p.o) induced gastric ulcer. Omeprazole (30 mg kg, p.o.) was used as a positive standard. Ulcerated area was measured by Image J software. Various antioxidant parameter like SOD, GSH, MDA, MPO, NO and histamine were also determined.ResultsAfter 4 week treatment period, desired aim was achieved using aqueous extract of plant of M. indica at the dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o. (P<0.01, P<0.001) showed significant reduction in ulcerated area and ulcer index as compared to control group. Omeprazole (30 mg/kg, p.o.) was more effective in reducing ulcerated area after 30 days treatment period. In addition, SOD, GSH, NO significantly increased; MDA, MPO content significantly lowered when compared with control group. Histamine content didn't show any significant change at all the three doses.ConclusionsOur finding suggests that aqueous extract of M. indica J.F. Gmel leaves is effective in gastric ulcer protection
PREVENTIVE EFFECT OF MALOTILATE ON ETHANOL INDUCED HEPATIC DYSFUNCTION IN RATS
No full textpublished quarterly. The aim of IJPBS is to publish. peer reviewed research and review articles rapidly without delay in the developing field of pharmaceutical and biological science
ANTIDEPRESSANT LIKE EFFECT OF NEWLY SYNTHESIZED COMPOUND 2[(N- BENZYLACETAMIDO) MERCAPTO] BENZIMIDAZOLE (VS 25) AND ITS POSSIBLE MECHANISM BY INHIBITION OF MONOAMINE OXIDASE ENZYME IN MICE
No full textObjective: The objective of the study was to investigate the antidepressant activity of a newly synthesized compound 2 [(N-benzylacetamido) mercapto] benzimidazole (VS 25) by forced swimming test in mouse and to explore the mechanism of action by its effect on monoamine oxidase enzyme in mouse brain.Methods: Swiss albino mice were randomly divided into 4 groups, each containing 6 animals. Group one was controlled and received 1 % cmc, p. o., Group II received moclobemide (50 mg/kg) p. o., group three and four received VS25 (30mg/kg and 60 mg/kg) once a day for 14 days.Results: In the forced swim test the decrease in immobility was 38.10% in moclobemide treated mice compared to 34.66% in VS25 (30 mg/kg) and 28.77% in VS 25 (60 mg/kg) treated mice. The percentage inhibition of the monoamine oxidase enzyme in mouse brain mitochondria was in moclobemide treated animals was 75.19% compared to 66.94% in VS 25 (30mg/kg) and 55.52% in VS 25 (60 mg/kg) treated animals. Moclobemide did not inhibit MAO B enzyme while VS25 (30 mg/kg) showed 6.48% and VS 25 (60 mg/kg) showed 4.75% inhibition.Conclusion: It is concluded that both moclobemide (50 mg/kg) and VS25 (30 mg/kg) showed antidepressant activity in mice. Moclobemide selectively inhibited MAO A enzyme in mouse brain. VS 25 (30 mg/kg) was equipotent as MAO A inhibitor but differed from moclobemide with respect to weak inhibition of MAO B activity also.Â
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