1,720,974 research outputs found
Modeling of the molecular and cellular response to ionizing radiations : impact of the nucleo-shuttling of the ATM protein
No full textDepuis plus d'un siècle que les rayons X ont été découverts, les effets biologiques des radiations ionisantes ne sont pas encore entièrement expliqués. Pourtant, une description précise et la modélisation mathématique des événements physico-chimiques, moléculaires et cellulaires contribueraient significativement à l'effet des risques liés à une irradiation. Le groupe de Radiobiologie de l'UMR1052 Inserm (Lyon) a accumulé un nombre considérable de données sur la radiosensibilité individuelle et la réparation des dommages radioinduits de l'ADN qui nous permettent aujourd'hui de valider des modèles nouveaux qui sont souvent en contradiction avec les paradigmes actuels. En particulier, alors que les cassures double-brin de l'ADN semblent être les dommages clés de la létalité cellulaire, aucun protocole ni biomarqueur n'est considéré comme prédictif de la radiosensibilité. Le but de la thèse a donc été de déterminer les paramètres précis qui peuvent prédire la réponse aux radiations. Un grand nombre de protéines se relocalisent sous forme de foci nucléaire autour des sites de CDB. Dans une première étape, nous avons pu proposer une formule générale qui lie induction, reconnaissance et réparation des CDB, valable pour toutes les protéines relocalisantes après irradiation. Cette formule a été appelée « Formule de Bodgi ». La validité de cette formule a pu être vérifiée sur différents biomarqueurs et sur différents types de cellules de patients montrant des radiosensibilités différentes. Dans une deuxième étape, nous avons pu modéliser le processus de transit cytonucléaire de la protéine ATM. Nous avons pu alors apporter une interprétation nouvelle et cohérente des paramètres α et β du modèle linéaire-quadratique qui décrit la relation entre la dose de radiation et la survie cellulaire. Notre théorie s'est avérée également utile pour expliquer certaines autres énigmes de la radiobiologie, notamment le phénomène d'hypersensibilité aux faibles dosesMore than a century after the discovery of X-rays, the biological effects of ionizing radiation are still not entirely explained. Nevertheless, a relevant description and a mathematical model of the physico-chemical, molecular and cellular events would significantly contribute to the evaluation of the related risks. The Radiobiology Group of the UMR1052 Inserm Unit (Lyon) has collected a considerable number of data concerning individual radiosensitivity and DNA damage repair, which allows us today to validate actual modeling approaches that are often contradicting actual paradigms. Particularly, while the DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) appear to be the key-damages of cell lethality, there is still no experimental protocol or biomarker that is considered to be predictive for radiosensitivity. The purpose of this thesis was to determine the precise parameters that can predict the response to radiation. An important number of proteins relocalize as nuclear foci in the DSB sites. As a first step, we proposed a general formula that links the DSB induction, recognition and repair, valid for all the relocalized proteins after irradiation. We called this formula the ‘’Bodgi’s formula’’. The validity of this model was verified with different biomarkers, but also on different cell types from patients showing different radiosensitivity. In a second step, we proposed a model for the whole process of the nucleo-shuttling of the ATM protein that occurs after irradiation. We provided a novel and coherent interpretation of the α and β parameters of the linear-quadratic model that describes the relation between radiation dose and cell survival. Our theory was also shown to be useful in explaining some other enigmas of radiobiology, including the hypersensitivity to lowdose phenomen
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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