1,721,001 research outputs found
Data-Driven Modelling and Simulation of Fuel Cell Hybrid Electric Powertrain
Get PDFInspired by the Toyota Mirai, this study presents a high-fidelity data-driven approach for modelling and simulation of a fuel cell hybrid electric powertrain. This study utilises technical assessment data sourced from Argonne National Laboratory’s publicly available report, faithfully modelling most of the vehicle subsystems as data-driven entities. The simulation framework is developed in the MATLAB/Simulink environment and is based on a power dynamics approach, capturing nonlinear interactions and performance intricacies between different powertrain elements. This study investigates subsystem synergies and performance boundaries under a combined driving cycle composed of the NEDC, WLTP Class 3 and US06 profiles, representing urban, extra-urban and aggressive highway conditions. To emulate the real-world load-following strategy, a state transition power management and allocation method is synthesised. The proposed method dynamically governs the power flow between the fuel cell stack and the traction battery across three operational states, allowing the battery to stay within its allocated bounds. This simulation framework offers a near-accurate and computationally efficient digital counterpart to a commercial hybrid powertrain, serving as a valuable tool for educational and research purposes
Ammonia from steelworks
Get PDFAmmonia has been produced over the last centuries in several ways, with the Haber–Bosch process leading current production due to its efficiency and feasible deployment. However, previous to the leading positioning of the Haber–Bosch process, ammonia used to be manufactured using coal-based gas works. Coke, a remnant of the process, has been widely used for steel production processes, thus making reasonable the integration of these gas facilities into the production of steel for better economic profiles. Although this ammonia production process is currently used only in a minor share of the total ammonia market, there are locations where it is still employed to obtain the chemical for fertilizing applications. This chapter is dedicated to the production of ammonia from such steelworks, detailing some of the history, fundamental and current trends behind the process that set the foundations of ammonia as one of the main global chemicals. Steel, which will still be produced over decades, can indirectly provide a chemical that supports a more sustainable agenda if better process integration is achieved, minimizing emissions and energy losses
Self‐Healing Polymer Coatings
No full textTraditional coatings made of thermosetting polymers could not be healed or mended because of their cross-linked structure, so damage implied the end of their service life cycle. This picture has dramatically changed since the first self-healing systems reports, moment in which this “disadvantage” of thermosets has started to vanish with the continuous increase in the availability of self-healing and recyclable thermosetting polymers. These advances constitute a breakthrough, as they would avoid replacement and catastrophic failure, encourage recycling and re-processing and prevent the generation of a considerable amount of waste, with obvious environmental and economic benefits. This chapter describes some of the more recent advances in the field of self-healing thermosetting polymers with potential application as coatings. Extrinsic self-healing thermosets use an external agent to perform the healing whereas intrinsic ones require the intervention of an external trigger for repair damage. The first part of the chapter describes the work in extrinsic self-healing thermosets, and the second part in intrinsic ones, with emphasis on polymeric networks with dynamic covalent bonds (DCBs). The most common strategies for the external triggering of intrinsic self-healing polymers are also described. Finally, challenges are discussed with the aim put in attaining the so expected end-user applications.Fil: Altuna, Facundo Ignacio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales; ArgentinaFil: Hoppe, Cristina Elena. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales; Argentin
Geochemistry, Extent of Pollution, and Ecological Impact of Heavy Metal Pollutants in Soil
No full textIndustrialization has been propelling human race to the epitome of success. But, pollution is also a looming truth that is a major concern to human health, ecosystem, and overall existence of humans at large. Heavy metal contamination is a subject of concern for the geochemists and environmentalists alike, as they are difficult to degrade and have potential to be biomagnified in the food chain, shows toxicity in cellular metabolism, and eventually impacts human health. Water pollution has been the major thrust area of research for environmental geochemists until the recent reported cases of soil contamination across the globe. But, unlike water, soil is a heterogenous medium with no reported permissible levels of metals and hence understanding the impact of pollution in soil has always baffled academicians and policy-makers alike. In this chapter, different cases of heavy metal contamination in edaphic phase have been addressed using Ecological Risk Index-based empirical modeling. The geochemistry of Arsenic, Cadmium, Chromium, Copper, Lead, Nickel, and Zinc has been discussed with special emphasis on its impact on biosphere. It is concluded that mining activity and industrial waste disposals have the major role in soil contamination with “considerably high” or “very high” potential impact on ecosystem
Organic solvent soluble methyltriphenylphosphonium peroxodisulfate: a novel oxidant for the synthesis of polyaniline and the thus prepared polyaniline in high performance supercapacitors
No full textPolyaniline salts as polymer‐based solid acid catalyst for low molecular weight poly(lactic acid)
No full textEfficient bromination of polyaniline base to poly(2-bromoaniline)-bromide salt and its application as a recyclable catalyst for the synthesis of 2-methyl-4-anilino-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolines
No full textA Novel Polyaniline-Silver Nitrate-p-Toluenesulfonic Acid Salt as Recyclable Catalyst in the Stereoselective Synthesis of β-Amino Ketones: “One-Pot” Synthesis in Water Medium
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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