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    Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis

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    The present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed

    Prevalence and distribution of melanocytic naevi on the scalp: A prospective study

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    Background Few studies have examined the incidence and characteristics of naevi on the scalp. Most studies of scalp naevi have been performed in children, whose incidence of scalp naevi is relatively high, at about 0·5-11·7% of the total body count of common naevi. Objectives To investigate the prevalence and distribution of scalp melanocytic naevi in patients of all ages. To our knowledge, ours is the first study to analyse in detail the relationships between melanocytic naevi on the scalp and total body naevi and total body atypical naevi. Methods We conducted a prospective study of patients visiting the dermatology outpatient clinic at the University of Florence, for examinations unrelated to the presence of naevi or melanoma. The study enrolled 795 subjects (417 females; 52·4%), with a median age of 35 years (range 4-80). Results The number of melanocytic naevi on the scalp increased significantly (r = 0·2057, P = 0·0008) as the number of total body melanocytic naevi increased and a correlation was found between the number of clinically atypical total body naevi and the number of scalp naevi. Relatively few naevi (15·5%) were located at the frontal region compared with other regions of the scalp, although the frontal region is more exposed to ultraviolet (UV) rays. Compared with subjects without alopecia, whose hair shields the scalp from UV rays, subjects with androgenetic alopecia showed no significant increase in number of scalp naevi. Conclusions Despite practical difficulties, early diagnostic screening for melanoma or screening during follow-up examination for previous melanoma should involve examination of the entire skin surface, scalp included. © 2009 British Association of Dermatologists
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