1,721,069 research outputs found
Don't make a habit out of it: Impaired learning conditions can make goal-directed behavior seem habitual
Full text linksponsorship: Preparation of this article was supported by Research Program G073317N of the Research Foundation-Flanders (FWO) to Agnes Moors, Jan De Houwer, and Marcel Brass, and Grant C14/17/047 of the Research Fund of KU Leuven to Agnes Moors and Yannick Boddez. Yannick Boddez and Jan De Houwer are supported by Ghent University grant BOF16/MET_V/002 to Jan De Houwer. (Research Foundation-Flanders (FWO)|G073317N, Research Fund of KU Leuven|C14/17/047, Ghent University|BOF16/MET_V/002)status: Publishe
The uptake of recommendations requires not only clarity on what is recommended but also on why it is recommended, how it can be realized, and who needs to take action
No full textIt is important that scientists reflect on their scientific aims and on how to achieve those aims. The report of the ACBS Task Force on the strategies and tactics of CBS research is an important document in that it provides explicit recommendations on what is needed to realize the aims of CBS. In this invited commentary on the report, we reflect on what additional steps are needed to realize the full potential of the report. More specifically, we encourage the CBS community to continue this effort and further specify the nature of the recommendations, to discuss in more detail why the recommendations should be implemented, to indicate how they can be implemented and to reflect on how different members of the CBS community can help to implement them.unknow
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Stimulus competition in associative learning: Basic processes and a model for fear generalization
No full textLearning about the onset of important events in the environment serves an organism well, as itallows the organism to effectively and efficiently meet its needs, such as avoiding danger anddetecting sources of food, mates and shelter. Needless to say, directing anticipatory respondingselectively to the most likely candidate causes or predictors of important events is highlyadvantageous, as unwarranted anticipatory responding can come with significant costs and use ofenergy resources. As such, regulating and fine-tuning associative learning is critical in shapingadaptive behavior. This leads to the importantquestion of how an organism comes to respond selectively to itsenvironment. The present dissertation fits in with this need to inquire intothe basic psychologicalprocesses responsible for selectivity. In the first part of this dissertation, we present data that goagainst the explanation of selectivity put forward by traditional associative learning theories. Partially inspired by these data, we subsequently make a case for an alternative framework founded in mainstream cognitive psychology when analysing instances of selectivity in associative learning. The second and the third part of this dissertation zoom in on selectivity in a special case ofassociative learning, namely associative fear learning. Lack of selectivity in fear responding ispresumably a core aspect of what makes pathological fear so impairing: Fear responses do not remain specific to a single stimulus paired with actual danger but are elicited by a broad set of stimuli, resulting in an unwanted snowballing of fear responding and/or avoidance behavior. We present a set of preclinical fear conditioning studies in human and non-human animals that aim to provide insight in the pathogenesis and treatment of suchunwarranted defensive behavior. Overall, the results of the studies suggest that disruption of selective learning may in part account for the development of non-specific fear responding. On a more positive note, results also indicate that retrospectively installing selectivity may be a promising route to remediate such non-specific fear responding. Because the primary dependent measure in our human fear conditioning studies is US-expectancy, we additionally present an evaluation of this measurementmethod. Following this evaluation, we conclude that human fear conditioning that relies on the US-expectancy measure stands the litmus test of external validity with respect to fear and anxiety. In summary, we hope to contribute to a fuller understanding of selectivity in associative (fear)learning and pathological fear with the current dissertation.status: Publishe
Fear memory ≠ fear responding or is it? Towards a goal-directed account of conditioned fear.
No full text
- …
