1,720,983 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Surveiller et agir : le rôle du territoire dans la mobilisation et la mise en oeuvre d’un réseau de suivi de la qualité des cours d’eau bretons (1992-2017)
No full textSince the establishment of the first national waterways and rivers quality monitoring in 1971, several types of measures coexist at the drainage basin scale: on the one hand, the monitoring networks supported by the State services; on theother hand, the water quality monitoring of the drainage basin (SQE-BV) provided by decentralized actors. The acquisition of complementary knowledge on water from the field measurement has accompanied the evolution of local practices of water management, in a different way depending on the regions, the basins and sub-basins. Thanks to the regulatory constraint and a State-Region partnership, Breton waterways have been the subject of a highly developed surveillance policy. This approach was motivated in the 1990s because of the urgency to act in front of a greater pollution visibility. This thesis illustrates the regionalised approach by several case studies, including that of the precursor basin of Yvel-Yvet. The whole thesis, based on the study of these local follow-ups and on a temporality of more than twenty years, mobilizes the concept of instrument of public action to explain the stages, the socio-political motivations and the implementation scales of this territorialized policy of regaining water quality.Depuis la mise en place de la première surveillance de la qualité des cours d’eau et des rivières à l’échelle nationale en 1971, plusieurs types de mesures cohabitent à l’échelle du bassin-versant : les réseaux de surveillance pris en charge par les services de l’Etat, d’une part, les suivis qualité des eaux du bassin-versant (SQE-BV) assurés par des acteurs décentralisés d’autre part. L’acquisition de connaissances complémentaires sur l’eau issues de la mesure sur le terrain a accompagné l’évolution des pratiques locales de gestion de l’eau, de manière contrastée selon les régions, les bassins et sous-bassins. A la faveur de la contrainte réglementaire et d’un attelage partenarial Etat-Région, les cours d’eau bretons ont fait l’objet d’une politique de surveillance très développée. L’urgence d’agir face à une visibilité plus marquée de la pollution a motivé cette démarche dans les années 1990. Cette thèse illustre cette démarche régionalisée par plusieurs études de cas, dont celle du bassin précurseur de l’Yvel-Yvet. L’ensemble de la thèse, appuyée sur l’étude de ces suivis locaux et sur une temporalité de plus de vingt ans, mobilise le concept d’instrument d’action publique pour expliquer les étapes, les ressorts socio-politiques et les échelles de la mise en oeuvre de cette politique territorialisée de reconquête de la qualité des eaux
A combined field study of Buruli ulcer disease proposing preventive strategies based on epidemiological, geographic, behavioural and environment analyses
No full textInternational audienceBuruli ulcer is a neglected tropic disease caused by the M. ulcerans, an environmental mycobacterium, and its symptoms are necrotizing cutaneous lesions. Buruli ulcer affects populations with poor access to sanitation, safe water and healthcare living in rural areas of West and Central Africa. For these populations, there is a need for adapted and efficient prevention strategies. To date, only open surface stagnant waters or slow running waters have been identified at risk. Research has, to date, provided little information, at individual level, about the reasons for which some individuals become contaminated whereas others do not. The epidemiological studies have, above all, used the water sources located close to domestic areas as a reference space for studying the risk factors, and the case-control studies are often retrospective and based on a small number of patients essentially encountered in hospitals. To gain a deeper understanding of the variation in incidence, we developed geographic health surveys in all the “living spaces” frequented by local populations. This approach is innovative in three ways : [1] the scale of the detailed analysis (a district or village) and the combination of GPS-based geolocalisation with a case-control study, [2] the combination of data collection methods derived from approaches developed in social and human sciences (SHS) with microbiological analysis [3] longitudinal follow-up of cases oriented towards direct observation. Based on a field-work in an area in Benin, the aim of this oral free paper is to show the benefits of changing approach and reasoning not according to instantaneous implantations, but on the basis of living spaces containing both “safe” points of access to water and other points of access to water at which humans may be exposed to the M. ulcerans bacterium, and visited for reasons other than the collection of water (agricultural work, children’s games …)
Monitor and act : the role of the territory in the mobilization and implementation of a network for monitoring the quality of Breton rivers (1992-2017)
No full textDepuis la mise en place de la première surveillance de la qualité des cours d’eau et des rivières à l’échelle nationale en 1971, plusieurs types de mesures cohabitent à l’échelle du bassin-versant : les réseaux de surveillance pris en charge par les services de l’Etat, d’une part, les suivis qualité des eaux du bassin-versant (SQE-BV) assurés par des acteurs décentralisés d’autre part. L’acquisition de connaissances complémentaires sur l’eau issues de la mesure sur le terrain a accompagné l’évolution des pratiques locales de gestion de l’eau, de manière contrastée selon les régions, les bassins et sous-bassins. A la faveur de la contrainte réglementaire et d’un attelage partenarial Etat-Région, les cours d’eau bretons ont fait l’objet d’une politique de surveillance très développée. L’urgence d’agir face à une visibilité plus marquée de la pollution a motivé cette démarche dans les années 1990. Cette thèse illustre cette démarche régionalisée par plusieurs études de cas, dont celle du bassin précurseur de l’Yvel-Yvet. L’ensemble de la thèse, appuyée sur l’étude de ces suivis locaux et sur une temporalité de plus de vingt ans, mobilise le concept d’instrument d’action publique pour expliquer les étapes, les ressorts socio-politiques et les échelles de la mise en oeuvre de cette politique territorialisée de reconquête de la qualité des eaux.Since the establishment of the first national waterways and rivers quality monitoring in 1971, several types of measures coexist at the drainage basin scale: on the one hand, the monitoring networks supported by the State services; on theother hand, the water quality monitoring of the drainage basin (SQE-BV) provided by decentralized actors. The acquisition of complementary knowledge on water from the field measurement has accompanied the evolution of local practices of water management, in a different way depending on the regions, the basins and sub-basins. Thanks to the regulatory constraint and a State-Region partnership, Breton waterways have been the subject of a highly developed surveillance policy. This approach was motivated in the 1990s because of the urgency to act in front of a greater pollution visibility. This thesis illustrates the regionalised approach by several case studies, including that of the precursor basin of Yvel-Yvet. The whole thesis, based on the study of these local follow-ups and on a temporality of more than twenty years, mobilizes the concept of instrument of public action to explain the stages, the socio-political motivations and the implementation scales of this territorialized policy of regaining water quality
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
A combined field study of Buruli ulcer disease proposing preventive strategies based on epidemiological, geographic, behavioural and environment analyses
No full textInternational audienceBuruli ulcer is a neglected tropic disease caused by the M. ulcerans, an environmental mycobacterium, and its symptoms are necrotizing cutaneous lesions. Buruli ulcer affects populations with poor access to sanitation, safe water and healthcare living in rural areas of West and Central Africa. For these populations, there is a need for adapted and efficient prevention strategies. To date, only open surface stagnant waters or slow running waters have been identified at risk. Research has, to date, provided little information, at individual level, about the reasons for which some individuals become contaminated whereas others do not. The epidemiological studies have, above all, used the water sources located close to domestic areas as a reference space for studying the risk factors, and the case-control studies are often retrospective and based on a small number of patients essentially encountered in hospitals. To gain a deeper understanding of the variation in incidence, we developed geographic health surveys in all the “living spaces” frequented by local populations. This approach is innovative in three ways : [1] the scale of the detailed analysis (a district or village) and the combination of GPS-based geolocalisation with a case-control study, [2] the combination of data collection methods derived from approaches developed in social and human sciences (SHS) with microbiological analysis [3] longitudinal follow-up of cases oriented towards direct observation. Based on a field-work in an area in Benin, the aim of this oral free paper is to show the benefits of changing approach and reasoning not according to instantaneous implantations, but on the basis of living spaces containing both “safe” points of access to water and other points of access to water at which humans may be exposed to the M. ulcerans bacterium, and visited for reasons other than the collection of water (agricultural work, children’s games …)
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