1,720,954 research outputs found
Radiomics and machine learning applications in rectal cancer: Current update and future perspectives
Full text linkThe high incidence of rectal cancer in both sexes makes it one of the most common tumors, with significant morbidity and mortality rates. To define the best treatment option and optimize patient outcome, several rectal cancer biological variables must be evaluated. Currently, medical imaging plays a crucial role in the characterization of this disease, and it often requires a multimodal approach. Magnetic resonance imaging is the first-choice imaging modality for local staging and restaging and can be used to detect high-risk prognostic factors. Computed tomography is widely adopted for the detection of distant metastases. However, conventional imaging has recognized limitations, and many rectal cancer characteristics remain assessable only after surgery and histopathology evaluation. There is a growing interest in artificial intelligence applications in medicine, and imaging is by no means an exception. The introduction of radiomics, which allows the extraction of quantitative features that reflect tumor heterogeneity, allows the mining of data in medical images and paved the way for the identification of potential new imaging biomarkers. To manage such a huge amount of data, the use of machine learning algorithms has been proposed. Indeed, without prior explicit programming, they can be employed to build prediction models to support clinical decision making. In this review, current applications and future perspectives of artificial intelligence in medical imaging of rectal cancer are presented, with an imaging modality-based approach and a keen eye on unsolved issues. The results are promising, but the road ahead for translation in clinical practice is rather long
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Gastrinomas and non-functioning pancreatic endocrine tumors in multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome type-1 (MEN-1)
No full textMultiple endocrine neoplasia type-1 (MEN-1) is a rare hereditary autosomal dominant syndrome due to frameshift and non-sense mutations in the MEN-1 tumor suppressor gene localized on the long arm of chromosome 11 [1]. Also known as Wermer syndrome, it has a prevalence of 2–20/100,000 individuals who may develop multiple neoplastic lesions arising in the parathyroid (90–95%) as well as the pituitary glands (40–50%), the pancreatic islet cells (50–60%) and the duodenal wall (35–40%) [2].
While the most common clinical onset of patients affected by MEN-1 is due to primary hyperparathyroidism [3], pancreatic endocrine tumors (PNETs) represent the main cause of cancer-related death, which is most commonly due to non-functioning (NF) subtypes [4]. Indeed, these tend to have a more aggressive behavior compared to their sporadic counterparts with a malignant potential reported to be size-related with a cut-off value set at 2 cm [5,6,7]. Hence, active surveillance with endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) combined with either contrast-enhanced multi-detector-CT (MDCT) [8] or magnetic resonance imaging [9] is strongly recommended in patients with MEN-1 syndrome.
As far as contrast-enhanced MDCT is concerned, recent advances suggest that contrast-enhancement patterns of PNETs may be indeed predictive of tumor grading defined as the rate of expression of the proliferation index Ki-67 [10]. As most G1 (Ki-67 <3%) tumors usually appear as hypervascular lesions, G2 (Ki-67 3–20%) or G3 (Ki-67 >20%) tumors typically manifest as hypovascular lesions [11,12,13]. However, as PNETs in MEN-1 syndrome are usually multifocal [14], the co-existence of lesions with different contrast-enhancement patterns and different biological behavior may indeed occur in clinical practice.
Herein, we describe a case of 48-year-old male with a genetic diagnosis of MEN-1 syndrome who had a Zollinger–Ellison syndrome due to duodenal gastrinomas shown by an EUS and confirmed by contrast-enhanced MDCT, which also depicted loco-regional adenopathies and three other NF-PNETs with different contrast-enhancement patterns and biological behavior
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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