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Diet selection and eating behaviour of lactating goats subjected to time restricted feeding in choice and single feeding system
No full textThis study was carried out to investigate diet selection and eating behaviour of lactating German Fawn × Hair Crossbred goats in different feeding methods and levels. Twenty German Fawn × Hair first backcross does (B1) were allocated into 4 treatment groups (2 feeding methods single (TMR) and choice feeding × 2 feeding levels ad libitum and restricted) with 5 replicates. Restricted feeding was applied only 4 h feed allocation during day. Barley, corn, soybean meal, corn gluten meal, wheat bran and alfalfa hay were feed ingredients for single and choice feeding. Eating patterns, milk yield and composition were determined for 8 weeks. The following results were obtained: (1) the meal criteria for goats restricted single and choice-fed, ad libitum single and choice-fed were determined as 1.00 and 0.63, 12.88 and 10.23 min, respectively. (2) Ad libitum feeding increased meal size, meal length, intermeal interval, total eating duration and decreased eating rate and meal number, compared to restricted feeding (P < 0.01). Choice feeding decreased meal size (P < 0.05), meal length (P < 0.01) and increased eating rate and meal number (P < 0.01), compared to single feeding. Restricted fed goats decreased intermeal interval in single feeding compared to choice feeding (P < 0.01), but increased meal number in choice feeding (P < 0.01). (3) Ad libitum choice-fed does made a diet containing 12.79% corn, 35.41% barley, 13.21% wheat bran, 5.35% soybean meal, 1.28% corn gluten meal and 29.80% alfalfa meal while restricted choice-fed does made a diet having more corn (27.69%), corn gluten meal (5.62%) and wheat bran (16.17%) and less barley (14.37%) and soybean meal (4.51%). (4) Choice feeding decreased RUP intake (P < 0.05) without affecting milk protein, irrespective to feeding levels, while having a tendency to increase in milk yield (14.2%) and 4% FCM (8.8%). (5) Restricted feeding decreased DM, ME, ADF and NDF intakes (P < 0.05) with concomitant decreases in 4% FCM, total milk solid, ash and fat compositions (P < 0.05), irrespective to feeding methods. (6) Choice-fed goats changed their preferences for a possible synchronized nutrient intake during a daytime, as sorted barley, soybean meal and alfalfa hay from early morning to late afternoon.
It could be concluded that choice-fed goats have the ability to make their diet to meet nutrient requirements and had a tendency to increase in milk yield. Restriction in feeding time resulted in lower feed intake and milk yield, although the animal changed their feed preference in favour of high quality ingredients and eating pattern with lower meal criterion and intermeal interval
Determination of nutritional contents and in vitro digestability of different fruit tree leaves (apple, apricot, cherry, vine, multi) in Niğde region
Get PDFFen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Hayvansal Üretim ve Teknolojisi Ana Bilim DalıÜlkemizde kaba yem açığı bulunmasından dolayı yaptığımız çalışmada bazı meyve ağaç yapraklarının ruminant beslemede kullanılabilirliğini araştırmak amaçlanmıştır. Bu nedenle bu tez çalışmasında, Niğde bölgesinde farklı meyve ağaç (elma, kayısı, kiraz, asma, dut) yaprakları toplanmış, kurutulmuş, gruplara ayrıldıktan sonra laboratuvarda besin madde içerikleri ve in vitro sindirilebilirliği bulunmuştur. Ağaç yapraklarının besin madde içerikleri (kuru madde, ham protein, ham kül, ham yağ, nötral deterjan lif, asit deterjan lif, asit deterjan lignin, tanen), in vitro gaz, karbondioksit ve metan gazı üretimi, in vitro gaz üretim sonrası rumen sıvısı uçucu yağ asit içerikleri birbirinden farklı bulunmuş olup, bu fark istatistiki olarak önemli bulunmuştur. Ayrıca ağaç yapraklarında metabolik enerji, organik madde sindirimi, sindirilebilir kuru madde, kuru madde tüketimi, nispi yem değerleri de farklı bulunmakla beraber, bu fark istatistiki olarak önemli olup, en yüksek dut yaprağında bulunmuştur. Bu farklılıkların oluşmasında ana neden, ağaç yapraklarının besin madde içeriği bakımından birbirinden farklı olmasından kaynaklanmaktadır. Yaptığımız çalışma sonucunda farklı meyve ağaç yapraklarının kaba yem kaynağı olarak kullanılabileceği belirlenmiştir.The lack of roughage in our country is because we aimed to investigate the usability of some fruit tree leaves in ruminant feeding in our study. Therefore, in this thesis study, nutrient content and in vitro digestibility of different fruit tree (apple, apricot, cherry, grape, mulberry) leaves were collected, dried, and divided into groups in the Niğde region. Nutrient contents of tree leaves (dry matter, crude protein, crude ash, crude oil, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, acid detergent lignin, tannin), in vitro gas, carbon dioxide, and methane gas production, rumen fluid volatile fatty acid contents after in vitro gas production are different from each other. and this difference was found to be statistically significant. In addition, although metabolic energy, organic matter digestion, digestible dry matter, dry matter consumption, and relative feed values were also different in tree leaves, this difference was statistically significant and the highest was found in mulberry leaves. The main reason for these differences is that tree leaves differ from each other in terms of nutrient content. As a result of our study, it was determined that the leaves of different fruit trees can be used as a source of roughage
Evaluation of some commercial feed rations in terms of chemical composition, metane production, net energy ve organic matter digestibility
No full textBu çalışmada Niğde ilinde farklı besi çiftliklerinden elde edilmiş olan kaba ve kesif yem karışımları (TMR) toplanmış, oranları belirlendikten sonra laboratuvar analizleri yapılmıştır. TMR numunelerinin gaz ve metan üretimi in vitro gaz üretim tekniği kullanılarak belirlenmiştir. Kesimhaneden elde edilen rumen sıvısı ve tampon solüsyonu 1:2 (V/V) oranında birleştirilmiş ve 40 ml tamponlu işkembe sıvısı dört numune halinde TMR örnekleri (0.5 gram) içeren şırıngalara aktarılmıştır. Tüm şırıngalar 39 ° C'de tutulan su banyosunda 24 saat inkübe edildikten sonra net gaz üretimini belirlemek için TMR örnekleri içeren şırıngalardan gaz ve metan üretimi tespit edilmiştir. Çalışmada elde edilen rasyon içeriklerinin hayvanın yaşına ve gereksinmelerine göre hesaplanmadığı gözlemlenmiştir. Benzer özelliklerde olan gruplar da dahi işletmelerin farklı rasyonları kullandıkları belirlenmiştir. Farklı besi çiftliklerinden elde edilen besin madde içerikleri HP (9.58 den 14.72 ye), HY (1.89 dan 2.30 a), HK (7.64 den 13.92 ye), ADF (19.77 den 27.82 ye) NDF (36.71 den 45.69 a) KM (90.48 den 91.79 a) bir birinden farklılık göstermişlerdir(P<0,05). Benzer bir şekilde metan, OMS, NEL ve ME değerleri de çiftlikler arasında farklılık göstermektedir.The study The roughage and concentrate feed mixtures (TMR) obtained from different livestock farms in Niğde province were collected, and laboratory analyzes were carried out after their ratios were determined. Gas and methane production of TMR samples were determined using in vitro gas production technique. Rumen fluid and buffer solution obtained from the slaughterhouse were combined at a ratio of 1:2 (V/V) and 40 ml of buffered rumen fluid was transferred into syringes containing TMR samples (0.5 grams) in four samples. After all, syringes were incubated for 24 hours in a water bath maintained at 39 °C, gas and methane production was determined from syringes containing TMR samples to determine net gas production at the end of the 24-hour incubation period. It was observed that the ration contents obtained in the study were not calculated according to the age and needs of the animal. It has been observed that businesses use different rations even in groups with similar characteristics. Nutrient contents obtained from different livestock farms HP (9.58 to 14.72), HY (1.89 to 2.30), HK (7.64 to 13.92), ADF (19.77 to 27.82) NDF (36.71 to 45.69) KM (90.48 to 91.79) differed from each other (P<0.05). Similarly, methane, OMS, NEL and ME values also differ between farms
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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