1,721,016 research outputs found
Virus infection in seed potatoes used by farmers in the county of Vestfold, Norway.
Full text linkDuring the summer 2016, 3 potato cultivars at 15 different farms located in the county of Vestfold were tested for 6 different potato viruses. This is potato virus A (PVA), M (PVM), S (PVS), X (PVX), Y (PVY) and potato leaf roll (PLRV). A serological method (ELISA) was used at the laboratory to analyze the results. The cultivars surveyed were Asterix, Innovator and Saturna.
In short, the results from this survey of virus infection in seed potatoes used by farmers in county Vestfold showed very little virus infection in the seed potatoes, except for PVS. On average, it was 0.15 % PVY, 0.45 % PVA, 0.06 % PVM, 12.3 % PVS, 0.09 % PVX and 0 % PLRV.
Counting the farmers’ fields PVY was found in 4 out of 15 fields, whereas PVA was found in 6 out of 15 fields. PVS was found in 15 out of 15 fields. For PVM there were infections in 3 out of 15 farms. PVX was found in 6 out of 15 fields. For PLRV there was no infection in any out of 15 fields.
The highest incident of PVY was found in Saturna with 1.6 %, for PVA in Innovator with 1.8 %, for PVS in Asterix with 43.9 %, for PVM in Innovator with 0.4 %, and for PVX 0.2 % was highest incident in all 3 cultivars. It was not found any incident of PLRV.
The low incidence in the investigated fields is probably due to a systematic, long-term work on potato virus control, where relatively frequent replacement of seed-potatoes must be regarded as the most important factor.I løpet av sommeren 2016, ble 3 potet sorter fra 15 ulike gårder i Vestfold testet for 6 forskjellige potetvirus. Potet virusene som det ble testet for var potet virus A (PVA), M (PVM), S (PVS), X (PVX), Y (PVY) og potet bladrullevirus (PLRV). En serologisk fremgangsmåte (ELISA) ble anvendt på laboratoriet for å analysere resultatene. De tre brukte potet sortene som ble valgt var Asterix, Innovator og Saturna.
Resultatene fra denne undersøkelsen viser virusinfeksjon i settepoteter som blir brukt av bønder i Vestfold Det var svært lite virusinfeksjon i disse feltene, med unntak av fra PVS. I gjennomsnitt var det 0,15 % PVY, 0,45 % PVA, 0,06 % PVM, 12,3 % PVS, 0,09 % PVX og 0 % PLRV.
I bøndenes åkre ble det funnet PVY i 4 av 15 felt, mens PVA ble funnet i 6 av 15 felt. For PVS ble det funnet i 15 av 15 felt. For PVM ble det funnet i 3 av 15 gårder. For PVX ble det funnet i 6 av 15 felt. For PLRV ble det funnet i 0 av 15 felt.
Den høyeste forekomsten av PVY ble funnet i Saturna med 1,6 %. For PVA var det i Innovator med 1,8 %. For PVS i Asterix med 43,9 %. For PVM i Innovator med 0,4 %. Den høyest forekomsten var av PVX var 0,2 % og denne var lik i alle tre sortene. Det ble ikke funnet noen tilfeller av PLRV.
Den lave forekomsten virus i de undersøkte feltene skyldes sannsynligvis et systematisk og langsiktig arbeid med virusbekjempelse, hvor relativt hyppig utskiftning av sette-poteter må ansees som den viktigste faktoren.M-P
Pepinomosaikkvirus - overlevelse under kompostlignende forhold
No full textBruken av kompostert plantemateriale som en komponent i vekstmedier og til jordforbedring kan medføre et potensiale for spredning av plantepatogener. Kunnskap om patogeners respons på ulike komposteringsforhold er nødvendig for å kunne sikre at disse ikke overlever komposteringsprosessen. For mange patogener er temperaturforholdene i en kompostprosess ansett som en av hovedfaktorene for utryddelsestid. Det har blitt publisert relativt få artikler som omhandler utryddelse av plantevirus igjennom kompostering, og disse beskriver responsen til et fåtall arter. Pepinomosaikkvirus (PepMV) er av stor økonomisk betydning i tomatkulturer, men det er lite tilgjengelig informasjon om artens respons på ulike komposteringsforhold. Denne studien undersøkte ulike komposttemperaturers effekt på utryddelsestid for PepMV, samt effekten av kompost på utryddelsestid. Bladmateriale infisert med PepMV ble utsatt for kompost i et småskala system med konstant temperatur, samt en tørr, konstant temperaturbehandling. Dette bladmaterialet ble så brukt til å saftinokulere testplanter. Smitte var fortsatt tilstede etter 65 dager ved 20°C. PepMV var utryddet etter 3-5 dager ved 40°C, 1-3 dager ved 60°C, og 6-9.5 timer ved 80°C. Sammenligning mellom resultater fra kompostbehandling og tørr behandling viste at kompost reduserte utryddelsestiden betraktelig ved samme temperatur
EAPR 2010. 14th triennial meeting of the Virology Section of the European Association for Potato Research (EAPR) Hamar, Norway 4th — 9th July 2010. Book of abstracts
No full textReview of viruses in raspberry production
No full textRaspberries are one of the commercially most important kinds of berry fruits. Botanically, they are members of the large and diverse genus Rubus and belong to the greater rose family (Rosaceae). The raspberry shrub shares many characteristics with roses - beside the spines and bristles also a susceptibility for many fungal, bacterial and viral pathogens. This review talks about general knowledge of raspberries: their use, challenges, worldwide production and breeding efforts. However, the main part of this review focuses on diseases of the raspberry shrub, with a special emphasis on viral agents of disease. As is the case for plant viruses in general, raspberry viruses need vector animals to gain entry into the cell where they can use the nucleic acid machinery to replicate their own genetic material (Wilson, 2014). In raspberries, the role of vector is primarily performed by aphids (for overground infection) and nematodes (for underground infection). Nevertheless, many viruses capable of attacking the raspberry plant use lesser known vectors such as mites and whiteflies or infiltrate the pollen of a host plant to be expelled, transported and ultimately proliferated by the wind.
This review also contains a smaller body of work in the form of an experimental section. There, inoculation experiments of eight virus isolates on test plants are described. Inoculation experiment are performed using traditional sap inoculation from frozen leaf material. Nicotiana spp. and Chenopodium quinoa are used as test plants. In a separate inoculation experiment, fresh fine root material from ten samples was used to test for arabis mosaic virus (ArMV) vectored by the dagger nematode genus (Xiphenema spp.) Bioassays are concluded by re inoculation of suspected ArMV-diseased plants to confirm virus transmissibility.
In order to evaluate the species relationship of the virus isolates used in the bioassay, three ELISA-tests were performed to test harvested virus samples for tomato black ring virus (TBRV) and ArMV. In a separate molecular analysis, ribonucleic acid (RNA) was extracted from suspected ArMV, TBRV and beet ringspot virus (BRSV). The RNA was converted via reverse transcriptase to cDNA, amplified with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and separated into size-specific molecular fragments using gel-electrophoresis.
Two of the studied virus isolates were identified as TBRV (Campanula isolate 2000 and Begonia isolate 1996), but the other six isolates studied could not be clearly identified. The isolate from roots of raspberry from a Xiphinema location gave test plant results indicating ArMV
EAPR 2010. 14th triennial meeting of the Virology Section of the European Association for Potato Research (EAPR) Hamar, Norway 4th — 9th July 2010. Book of abstracts
Full text linkpublishedVersio
Plantevirus i bringebærproduksjon : en oversikt
No full textRaspberries are one of the commercially most important kinds of berry fruits. Botanically, they are members of the large and diverse genus Rubus and belong to the greater rose family (Rosaceae). The raspberry shrub shares many characteristics with roses - beside the spines and bristles also a susceptibility for many fungal, bacterial and viral pathogens. This review talks about general knowledge of raspberries: their use, challenges, worldwide production and breeding efforts. However, the main part of this review focuses on diseases of the raspberry shrub, with a special emphasis on viral agents of disease. As is the case for plant viruses in general, raspberry viruses need vector animals to gain entry into the cell where they can use the nucleic acid machinery to replicate their own genetic material (Wilson, 2014). In raspberries, the role of vector is primarily performed by aphids (for overground infection) and nematodes (for underground infection). Nevertheless, many viruses capable of attacking the raspberry plant use lesser known vectors such as mites and whiteflies or infiltrate the pollen of a host plant to be expelled, transported and ultimately proliferated by the wind.
This review also contains a smaller body of work in the form of an experimental section. There, inoculation experiments of eight virus isolates on test plants are described. Inoculation experiment are performed using traditional sap inoculation from frozen leaf material. Nicotiana spp. and Chenopodium quinoa are used as test plants. In a separate inoculation experiment, fresh fine root material from ten samples was used to test for arabis mosaic virus (ArMV) vectored by the dagger nematode genus (Xiphenema spp.) Bioassays are concluded by re inoculation of suspected ArMV-diseased plants to confirm virus transmissibility.
In order to evaluate the species relationship of the virus isolates used in the bioassay, three ELISA-tests were performed to test harvested virus samples for tomato black ring virus (TBRV) and ArMV. In a separate molecular analysis, ribonucleic acid (RNA) was extracted from suspected ArMV, TBRV and beet ringspot virus (BRSV). The RNA was converted via reverse transcriptase to cDNA, amplified with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and separated into size-specific molecular fragments using gel-electrophoresis.
Two of the studied virus isolates were identified as TBRV (Campanula isolate 2000 and Begonia isolate 1996), but the other six isolates studied could not be clearly identified. The isolate from roots of raspberry from a Xiphinema location gave test plant results indicating ArMV.M-P
ISVDOP 13. The 13th International Symposium on Virus Diseases of Ornamental Plants Norway, June 24-29, 2012. Book of abstracts
No full textpublishedVersio
Pepino Mosaic Virus Survival Under Compost-like Conditions
Full text linkBruken av kompostert plantemateriale som en komponent i vekstmedier og til jordforbedring kan medføre et potensiale for spredning av plantepatogener. Kunnskap om patogeners respons på ulike komposteringsforhold er nødvendig for å kunne sikre at disse ikke overlever komposteringsprosessen. For mange patogener er temperaturforholdene i en kompostprosess ansett som en av hovedfaktorene for utryddelsestid. Det har blitt publisert relativt få artikler som omhandler utryddelse av plantevirus igjennom kompostering, og disse beskriver responsen til et fåtall arter. Pepinomosaikkvirus (PepMV) er av stor økonomisk betydning i tomatkulturer, men det er lite tilgjengelig informasjon om artens respons på ulike komposteringsforhold. Denne studien undersøkte ulike komposttemperaturers effekt på utryddelsestid for PepMV, samt effekten av kompost på utryddelsestid. Bladmateriale infisert med PepMV ble utsatt for kompost i et småskala system med konstant temperatur, samt en tørr, konstant temperaturbehandling. Dette bladmaterialet ble så brukt til å saftinokulere testplanter. Smitte var fortsatt tilstede etter 65 dager ved 20°C. PepMV var utryddet etter 3-5 dager ved 40°C, 1-3 dager ved 60°C, og 6-9.5 timer ved 80°C. Sammenligning mellom resultater fra kompostbehandling og tørr behandling viste at kompost reduserte utryddelsestiden betraktelig ved samme temperatur.The distribution and use of compost based on plant matter as a component in growth media and for soil improvement is a potential pathway for the spread of plant pathogens. Knowledge about pathogen response to different compost conditions is necessary for proper management of a composting operation to ensure conditions are sufficient for eradication. Compost temperature is for many plant pathogens considered an important factor influencing eradication time. Only a limited number of papers have been published on plant virus eradication during composting, describing the response of a relatively small number of virus species. For pepino mosaic virus (PepMV), a pathogen of considerable economic importance in tomato crops, little information is available about its survival under different compost conditions. This study investigated PepMV eradication times under different composting temperatures and the effect of compost on PepMV eradication time. Infected leaf material was subjected to constant temperature compost conditions in a laboratory-scale system, as well as constant temperature dry treatments, then used for sap inoculation of indicator plants. PepMV was still detected in compost after 65 days at 20°C and eradicated at 40°C, 60°C, and 80°C in 3-5 days, 1-3 days, and 6-9.5 hours, respectively. Comparison between eradication times in compost treatments and dry treatments showed that compost reduced eradication time considerably at the same temperature.M-P
Aphid transmitted viruses of raspberry in Norway : detection, occurrence, and vector association
Full text linkRaspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) is the high value horticultural crop, which is susceptible to multiple viruses, including aphid borne viruses, that lead to yield loss. Thus, proper identification of relevant viruses and their possible vector is essential to reduce disease and loss.
Symptomatic samples of red raspberries including aphid samples from three different counties (Vestland, Agder and Viken) of Norway were analyzed for the presence of four important aphid-transmitted raspberry viruses: black raspberry necrosis virus (BRNV), raspberry leaf mottle virus (RLMV), raspberry vein chlorosis virus (RVCV) and rubus yellow net virus (RYNV). Altogether, 95 leaf samples and 31 aphid samples from three main cultivated cultivars (Glen Ample, Glen Mor and Veten) and samples of wild raspberry plants were tested by RT-PCR, using virus-specific primers. BRNV was the most prevalent virus in leaf samples in all counties, comprising 89% of infection followed by RLMV (28%) and RVCV (8%). BRNV and RVCV were found in all selected counties, but RLMV was detected only in Vestland. The obtained result showed a high proportion of mixed infections, the most common involving BRNV and RLMV (24.3%), followed by the mixed infection of BRNV and RVCV (1.4%). Furthermore, all 3 main cultivars and samples of wild species of raspberry were detected with at least one of the viruses mentioned. Apart from this, 13 out of 31 aphid samples which include both Amphorophora (Am.) idaei and Aphis (Ap.) idaei. were found infectious with BRNV and RLMV.
For the first time, BRNV and RLMV were detected in Ap. idaei. So, to gather more information in biology of this aphid species and its role in BRNV transmission, virus free Ap. idaei were reared in culture rooms of NIBIO and were transferred to virus free raspberry plants using different acquisition and inoculation time periods. Ap. idaei acquired BRNV after at least one hour and lose it after at least five hours of starvation. However, the transmission of BRNV by Ap. idaei was not proven. This thesis will contribute to a better understanding of virus diseases and their vectors in raspberry production in Norway.submittedVersionM-P
Tospovirus - farlige virussjukdommer
No full textTo farlige skadegjørere i virusslekten tospovirus har gjort skade i norske veksthuskulturer de siste årene. Tomatbronsetoppvirus (tomato spotted wilt tospovirus) og Impatiens-nekroseflekkvirus (Impatiens necrotic spot tospovirus) står på listen over karanteneskadegjørere som ikke skal finnes her i landet. Begge virus kan forekomme i våre veksthuskulturer, har samme spredningsmåte og ofte like symptomer. De omtales derfor her under betegnelsen tospovirus
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