1,721,064 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Dissecting the Multifaceted Antibody Response to Influenza A Virus and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2
No full textThesis (Ph.D.)--University of Washington, 2022Antibodies are the first line of defense against invading respiratory pathogens, and their effectiveness at preventing infection and disease depends heavily on what antigens are targeted. For both influenza A virus and severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), antibodies directed at the receptor-binding surface proteins, hemagglutinin (HA) and spike, respectively, are known to neutralize virus infection and are associated with protection [1–5]. Antibodies targeting non-neutralizing epitopes on many different viral proteins also play important roles in reducing the length and severity of disease and tend to target more conserved regions than most neutralizing antibodies [1,5–11]. Here, I present my work aimed at understanding the development and interaction of neutralizing and non-neutralizing antibodies with two respiratory viruses, influenza A virus and SARS-CoV-2.First, I test the durability of antibody binding to the stem domain of HA after the accumulation of mutations naturally over 17 years in both the H1 and H3 lineages. To accomplish this, I created chimeric HA proteins combining the head domain of an avian influenza virus to which humans have not been exposed with the HA stem domain of seasonal influenza strains spanning 17 years of sequence evolution [12–16]. This allowed me to measure serum antibody binding specifically to the HA stem domain. I measured the binding of human sera collected concurrent to when the first seasonal stem strain I tested was circulating and compared that to the binding of the same sera to the stem from a seasonal strain circulating 17 years later. Based on these measurements for a number of human serum samples, we find that HA stem antibody binding wanes at a similar rate for both H1 and H3 HAs despite a faster rate of sequence evolution in the H3 lineage.
In a separate set of experiments, I describe a new assay for measuring the potency of antibodies targeting the influenza A virus receptor-cleaving protein neuraminidase (NA). Our method allows for the testing of anti-NA antibodies in a format similar to traditional neutralization assays for antibodies targeting (HA). Briefly, we paired a modified HA that can perform membrane fusion but cannot bind to cellular receptors and NA containing the mutation G147R which confers the receptor-binding function to NA [17,18]. This creates a virus that is dependent on NA for attachment to cells and can thus be neutralized by anti-NA antibodies. We found that this method works best for antibodies targeting sites near the catalytic active site of NA. We were able to select for an escape mutation with one such monoclonal antibody demonstrating the utility of our methods for mapping anti-NA antibody epitopes.
Finally, I address the pressing issue of antibody durability in the context of the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic by measuring neutralizing and non-neutralizing antibody responses in children for up to 52 weeks following infection. In collaboration with Seattle Children’s hospital, we performed pseudoneutralization [3,19,20] and the Abbott Laboratories SARS-CoV-2 IgG assay on samples collected from 32 children at approximately 4- and 24- weeks post-symptom onset. For both neutralizing anti-spike antibody titers and anti-nucleocapsid (N) antibodies, we observed a high degree of variability from participant to participant. Overall, neutralization titers changed very little over the observation period, while anti-N levels decrease substantially. When compared to a separate, previously characterized, adult cohort [3], we find age-related differences in the antibody responses. Specifically, children tend to have lower neutralizing antibody titers than adults early following infection that become similar to adults in the following six months. Strikingly, anti-nucleocapsid antibodies are much lower in children than adults and wane faster in children over time
A Nascent Peptide Code for Translational Control of mRNA Stability in Human Cells
Get PDFThesis (Ph.D.)--University of Washington, 2022Stability of eukaryotic mRNAs is associated with their codon, amino acid, and GC content. Yet, coding sequence motifs that predictably alter mRNA stability in human cells remain poorly defined. Here, we develop a massively parallel assay to measure mRNA effects of thousands of synthetic and endogenous coding sequence motifs in human cells. We identify several families of simple dipeptide repeats whose translation triggers mRNA destabilization. Rather than individual amino acids, specific combinations of bulky and positively charged amino acids are critical for the destabilizing effects of dipeptide repeats. Remarkably, dipeptide sequences that form extended β strands in silico and in vitro slowdown ribosomes and reduce mRNA levels in vivo. The resulting nascent peptide code underlies the mRNA effects of hundreds of endogenous peptide sequences in the human proteome. Our work suggests an intrinsic role for the ribosome as a selectivity filter against the synthesis of bulky and aggregation-prone peptides
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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