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A Remark on the fiscal theory of price determination
No full textThe fiscal theory of price determination asserts that the price level is determined by the ratio of nominal public debt to the present value of real primary surpluses. To show its fragility, we describe a simple monetary economy with an infinitely lived real productive asset. Under the hypotheses of the fiscal theory, speculative bubbles occur at equilibrium, thus leading to an indeterminate price level
The fragility of the fiscal theory of price determination
No full textThe fiscal theory of price determination asserts that the price level is determined by the ratio of nominal public debt to the present value of real primary surpluses. To show its fragility, we describe a cash-in-advance economy with infinitely lived real productive assets. The fiscal theory does not hold since speculative bubbles partly restore the classical indeterminacy
result. What seems arbitrary in the fiscal theory is to treat the initial nominal value of the aggregate portfolio as if it were given exogenously
Risk and intermediation in a dual financial market model
No full textThis paper investigates the relation between risk and the degree of financial intermediation in a model with moral hazard. Entrepreneurs can simultaneously get credit from two type of competing institutions:"financial intermediairies" and "local lenders". The former are competitive firms issuing deposits and having a comparative advantage in diversifying credit risks. The latter are individuals with a comparative advantage in credit arrangements with a "nearby" entrepreneur. Because of intermediation costs, local lenders are willing to diversify their portfolio by offering some direct lending to nearby entrepreneurs.We show that, in some cases, a fall in intermediation costs, by inducing local lenders to choose a safer portfolio reduces entrepreneurs' effort and increases the probability of default. In these cases a taxation policy may be welfare-improving
Uniqueness of competitive equilibrium with solvency constraints under gross-substitution
No full textUnder a gross substitution assumption, we prove existence and uniqueness of competitive equilibrium for an infinite-horizon exchange economy with limited commitment and complete financial markets. Risk-sharing is limited as only a part of the private endowment can be used as collateral to secure debt. The unique equilibrium is Markovian with respect to a minimal state space consisting of exogenous shocks and Negishi's welfare weights. We represent equilibrium dynamics via a monotone operator acting on entire wealth distribution functions. We construct a fixed point of this operator generating a lower and an upper orbit and proving coincidence of accumulation points
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