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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Soft d in Danish: Acoustic characteristics and issues in transcription
Get PDFDanish, like closely related Swedish and Norwegian, has descended from Old Norse (Haugen 1976). While the three contemporary languages are variably mutually intelligible, Danish has phonologically diverged from the other Scandinavian languages (Gooskens 2006). This is caused by extensive consonant lenition and vowel reduction within Danish (Basbøll 2005). The lenition of <t> and <d> in syllable coda positions into a sound that Danish linguists have called soft-d is seemingly unique to the Danish. In most phonological descriptions, it is transcribed using the phonetic symbol /ð/, a voiced interdental fricative. We assert that this is not accurate; not all phonologists agree that the soft-d is a fricative. Some describe it as an alveolar semi-vowel (Haberland 1994), while others transcribe it as a velarized, retracted, and lowered alveolar approximant (Basbøll 2005). Many observe that the sound resembles lateral /l/, a distinct phoneme of Danish (Wells, 2010). Through acoustic analysis of tokens taken from the DanPASS corpus (Grønnum 2016) we show that the acoustic properties (HNR) of soft-d are indeed not the same as a fricative, but rather that of an approximant or vowel. Therefore, the use of /ð/ to transcribe this symbol is inaccurate and does not align with the goals of the International Phonetic Association
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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Cue Weighting and Enhancement in Systems of Contrast: Vowel Quantity in Norwegian
Get PDFThis dissertation aims to provide a detailed description of the primary and secondary cues associated with Norwegian phonological vowel quantity and explore the link between speech production and perception. While vowel duration is the primary, obligatory cue to long-short vowel distinctions in production, the existence and role of secondary cues in Norwegian vowel length is less thoroughly explored. Secondary cues described in Norwegian include longer consonants after short vowels, long vowels that are more peripheral in the vowel space, and long mid vowels that are diphthongized compared to their short counterparts. There also a gap in understanding how listeners use cues in the perception of long and short vowels, particularly knowledge about if and how listeners use secondary cues like vowel quality and postvocalic consonant duration. Experimental studies of the acoustics, hyperarticulation, and perception of long and short vowels were conducted to investigate these topics. The production, enhancement, and perception of long and short vowels as well as theoretical implications thereof are the focus of this dissertation. Three main questions were asked and explored in three experiments: (1) what are the acoustic correlates of Norwegian vowel quantity, (2) how is quantity enhanced by speakers to increase their intelligibility for listeners in Norwegian, and (3) how do listeners use multiple acoustic cues when perceiving the vowel quantity distinction. In production, Experiment 1 demonstrated that listeners systematically produce long vowels with: (1) longer vowel duration, (2) a different spectral quality than short vowels, and (3) shorter postvocalic consonant duration. Furthermore, long mid vowels were shown to diphthongize in a centralizing direction. Experiment 2 tested how listeners adjusted their speech in clarifying an apparent misunderstanding of their intended vowel length by a simulated interlocutor. Acoustic analysis showed that speakers adjusted their speech by lengthening the duration of long vowels and shortening that of short vowels, producing long-short pairs further apart in the vowel space (except for /ɑ/, and producing consonants after long vowels shorter. Speakers did not, however, enhance spectral movement in long mid vowels. This demonstrates that of the four cues investigated, only three are enhanced for clarity-motivated reasons. Furthermore, there were vowel-specific patterns in that speakers did not enhance the quality difference between long and short /ɑ/. Critically, Experiment 2 also supported accounts that speakers will adjust their articulations in a targeted way that is aimed at eliminating perceptual confusability of phonological contrasts. In perception, Experiment 3 tested how listeners used the acoustic correlates of quantity found in Experiments 1 and 2 and whether there would be vowel-specific perceptual strategies. Analysis showed that listeners did have vowel-specific patterns in their perception of long and short vowels. While vowel duration was used for all six pairs, vowel quality was not reliably used for long and short /ɑ/ and postvocalic consonant duration was not reliably used for long and short /u/.
The results of the experiments outlined in this dissertation suggest that (1) speakers produce long and short vowels with multiple acoustic correlates, (2) these acoustic qualities are enhanced in targeted ways to increase intelligibility of speech, and (3) listeners use secondary cues in perception with both cue- and vowel-specific patterns. The theoretical implications of these findings were further discussed in relation to cue weighting, clear speech, the production-perception link, and cross-linguistic patterns
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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