1,720,978 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Acute hospital admissions - a registry-based study of general practitioners’ and out-of-hours doctors’ roles as gatekeepers in Norway
Full text linkFor pasienter med akutte medisinske tilstander er det viktig å ha tilgang til nødvendige helsetjenester. I mange lands helsetjeneste må pasientene vurderes av en primærleger før innleggelse i sykehus, og dermed fungerer primærlegen som portvakt. Strategier for å redusere sykehusenes arbeidsbelastning og utgifter fokuserer ofte på akuttinnleggelser og fastlegers og legevaktlegers portvaktrolle. På tross av denne viktige rollen i helsetjenesten, er fastlegenes og legevaktlegenes portvaktfunksjon lite utforsket. Avhandlingen undersøker fastlegen og legevaktlegenes rolle som portvakt for akutte sykehusinnleggelser i Norge, og betydningen av ulik innleggelsespraksis hos primærlegene.
Studien er en registerstudie som ble gjennomført ved å koble nasjonale data fra primærlegers regningskort fra databasen Kontroll og utbetaling av helserefusjoner (KUHR) med data fra Norsk pasientregister (NPR). Legen som hadde sendt et regningskort 24 timer før en akutt innleggelse ble definert som henvisende lege. Innleggelsesdiagnosene ble hentet fra regningskortene fra primærlegen, mens utskrivelsesdiagnosene ble hentet fra NPR. Primærlegenes innleggelsesrater ble beregnet og justert for pasientfaktorer og lokale organisatoriske faktorer. Legene ble gruppert i kvartiler fra lav, medium-lav, medium-høy og høy innleggelsespraksis.
Av alle akuttinnleggelser i 2014 ble 36 % innlagt fra legevakt, 28 % fra fastlege, og 35 % var direkteinnleggelser. Fordelingen av innleggende instans varierte mellom ulike utskrivelsesdiagnoser. Subakutte og lokaliserte tilstander ble ofte henvist fra fastlege, mens legevaktlege henviste en stor andel av flere akutte tilstander inkludert mage og tarmproblemer, brystsmerter og alkoholrelaterte tilstander. Kreft og flere akutte hastetilstander ble ofte innlagt direkte uten fastlege eller legevaktvurdering, noe som illustrerer at denne gruppen direkte innleggelser bestod av både direkte sykehusoppfølging og direkte innleggelser fra ambulanse.
Fastlegene la inn 1 % av alle pasientene etter konsultasjon eller sykebesøk, mens legevaktlegene la inn 11 %. Magesmerter og brystsmerter var de vanligste innleggelsesdiagnosene og stod for henholdsvis 8 % og 5 %. For pasienter som ble innlagt med magesmerter- eller brystsmerter-diagnoser, var den tilsvarende symptombeskrivende diagnosen den vanligste utskrivelsesdiagnosen. Kvinner som ble innlagt med brystsmerter hadde lavere sannsynlighet for å få bli utskrevet med iskemisk hjertesykdom sammenlignet med menn.
Gjennomsnittlig innleggelsesrate for legevaktleger varierte mellom de ulike gruppene innleggelsespraksis, fra 6,5 % i laveste gruppe til 14,9 % i høyeste. Sannsynligheten for at en pasient ble innlagt og senere utskrevet med en symptombeskrivende diagnose, smerter i svelg og bryst, magesmerter, unormal pust eller svimmelhet økte fra lav til høy gruppe innleggelsespraksis. Det var en tilsvarende, men svakere sammenheng for de kritiske tilstandene akutt hjerteinfarkt, akutt blindtarmbetennelse, lungeemboli og slag. For pasientene som ikke ble innlagt var det ikke noen forskjell i 30-dagers dødelighet mellom innleggelsespraksisgruppene.
Denne studien viser at fastleger og legevaktleger har en viktig rolle som portvakt for akutte sykehusinnleggelser. Leger med høy innleggelsespraksis legger inn større andel pasienter der det ikke påvises sykdom. Lav innleggelsespraksis fører til færre innleggelser, men kritiske tilstander kan bli oversett. Ved planlegging av grenseflaten mellom akutt primærhelsetjeneste og sykehus bør dette tas hensyn til. Rammeverket for beslutningsstøtte for akutte sykehusinnleggelser bør styrkes.Access to proper health care is important for patients with acute medical conditions. In many health care systems, patients must be assessed by a primary care doctor before referral to an acute hospital admission. This is called gatekeeping. Strategies to reduce hospital workload and costs often focus on acute admissions and the general practitioners’ (GPs’) and out-of-hours (OOH) doctors’ gatekeeper roles. Despite this decisive role, knowledge of the GPs’ and OOH doctors’ gatekeeper function has been poorly explored. The thesis investigated the GPs’ and OOH doctors’ roles as gatekeepers for acute hospital admissions in Norway and the impact of different referral practice by the primary care doctors.
This study is a registry study and was performed by linking national data on primary care doctors’ claims from the Control and Payment of Reimbursement to Health Service Providers Database (KUHR) along with data from the Norwegian Patient Registry (NPR). A doctor who had sent a claim for a patient 24 hours before an acute admission was defined as the referring doctor. The diagnoses included in the primary care doctors’ claims were defined as the referral diagnoses, whereas the discharge diagnoses came from the NPR. The primary care doctor’s referral rates were calculated and adjusted for patient-related and local organizational factors, and the doctors were sorted into quartiles of low, medium-low, medium-high, and high referral practice.
Of all acute admissions to hospital in Norway in 2014, 36% were referred from OOH doctors, 28% were referred by GPs, and 35% were direct admissions. The prehospital paths varied between the discharge diagnoses. Subacute and local conditions were often referred by GPs, while OOH referrals were high on a variety of acute conditions including gastrointestinal disorders, chest pain, and alcohol-related disorders. Malignant neoplasms and several hyper acute critical conditions were dominated by direct admissions in our material, illustrating that the direct admission category comprised of both direct hospital-follow up and admissions directly by ambulance.
The GPs referred 1% of patients after a consultation or home visit, whereas OOH doctors referred 11%. Abdominal pain and chest pain were the most frequent referral diagnoses at 8% and 5%, respectively. After referral with an abdominal pain or chest pain diagnosis, the most frequent discharge diagnosis was the corresponding symptom-describing diagnosis. Women were less likely to be discharged with ischemic heart disease than men after a referral with chest pain.
The mean referral rate for OOH doctors varied between the referral practice quartiles from 6.5% in the low quartile to 14.9% in the high quartile. The likelihood for patients to be referred to hospital and diagnosed with the symptom-describing diagnoses of pain in throat and chest, abdominal pain, abnormal breathing, or dizziness increased from the low to the high referral practice quartiles. There was a similar but weaker association for the critical conditions of acute myocardial infarction, acute appendicitis, pulmonary embolism, and stroke. For the patients not referred, there were no differences in 30-day mortality between the quartiles.
This study shows that GPs and OOH doctors play an important role as gatekeepers for acute hospital admissions. Doctors with high referral practice refer a larger proportion of patients where no disease is revealed. Low referral practice leads to fewer admissions, but severe conditions might be overlooked. When planning the interface between primary care and hospitals, this should be taken into consideration, and strengthening the framework for decision making regarding acute hospital admissions should be emphasized.Doktorgradsavhandlin
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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