19 research outputs found
ODPOWIEDZIALNOŚĆ INWESTORA WOBEC PODWYKONAWCÓW (ART. 6471 § 5 K.C.)
No full textThe Liability of an Investor to a Subcontractor (Art. 6471 § 5 k.c.)SummaryThe article answers a question w hether an investor in case of a contract for construction works will be liable to a subcontractor also when he paid the latter all dues (including the rem uneration). These doubts are grounded in the form ulation of art. 6471 § 5 of the Polish Civil Code, according to which the party concluding a contract with thesubcontractor and the investor as well as the performer bear a joint andseveral liability for the payment of remuneration due to the subcontractor for the performed construction works. Taking into consideration a linguistic interpretation of the provision, as presented in the doctrine, it should be considered that the investor’s payment of the remuneration for the work performed by the subcontractor is permissible. Nevertheless, the author takes a different position based on the functional interpretation and interpretation referring to the whole system of the civil law.
ODPOWIEDZIALNOŚĆ INWESTORA WOBEC PODWYKONAWCÓW (ART. 6471 § 5 K.C.)
No full textThe Liability of an Investor to a Subcontractor (Art. 6471 § 5 k.c.)SummaryThe article answers a question w hether an investor in case of a contract for construction works will be liable to a subcontractor also when he paid the latter all dues (including the rem uneration). These doubts are grounded in the form ulation of art. 6471 § 5 of the Polish Civil Code, according to which the party concluding a contract with thesubcontractor and the investor as well as the performer bear a joint andseveral liability for the payment of remuneration due to the subcontractor for the performed construction works. Taking into consideration a linguistic interpretation of the provision, as presented in the doctrine, it should be considered that the investor’s payment of the remuneration for the work performed by the subcontractor is permissible. Nevertheless, the author takes a different position based on the functional interpretation and interpretation referring to the whole system of the civil law. </jats:p
South African travel writing and bias
No full textIncludes bibliographical references (leaves 92-96).This thesis spotlights the travel and leisure magazine industry within South Africa. It contends that the travel writing genre is susceptible to a number of biases, both past and present, which ultimately affect the way its overall content is produced and presented to the public. This work was substantiated through a set of qualitative interviews with key professionals within the South African travel and leisure magazine industry, as well as through a theme- based content analysis of a number of local travel writing publications. This study adds to a rather extensive line of research written on the topic of travel writing regarding a number of older criticisms of bias including 'othering', escapism, and gendering. However, it also focuses on a number of more modem biases such as direct advertising, advertorial usage, as well as the acceptance of 'freebies' and barter agreements, none of which has been given much attention in previous research. The sheer existence of these and other biases within the modem South African travel and leisure magazine industry exhibits an absolute necessity of examination into such a topic, especially given the importance and overall influence that the travel writing industry has on a country's economic standing and overall image
Über die Struktur des nördlichen Teiles des westlichen Mittelmeeres
No full textIs it possible to draw a structural scheme of the West Mediterranean basin? The author gives a summary of the topographic, gravimetric, magnetic, seismic refraction and further on seismic profiling data for the last 40 years - the most important fact is the discovery of salt domes, but geophysics do not explain their origin and age. From a short survey of some geological observations on shore the extension of a landmass south of the Provence has been concluded during the oligocene. The question arises hether this mass is now the block of Corsica and Sardinia, which may have been later drifted to its actual position? - if so, the salt could be tertiary - or is this landmass as a part of the Provence sunken down under the sea by tectonic processes? If so one could propose a triassic age of the saltdomes. Continuous seismic profiling does not give any arguments for one of these two theories. But it allows us to follow the miocene surface and to know the variations of the thickness of the plioquaternary sedimentation. Many questions remain. The author lists the problems still to be solved and the necessary means. International cooperation may give the means for the solution of these problems
Arquitectura, mirada y cultura visual
No full textIn the book The Perception of the Visual World, written by James J. Gibson and commissioned by the US Air Force at the start of orld ar Two, the author distinguishes between what he calls the visual world and the visual eld. The former refers to how we usually look, in a manner that is all-embracing and dynamic from a spatial and physical point of view, whereas the visual eld is static and spatially restrictive. The visual world is the three-dimensional reality we observe, while the visual eld is a two- dimensional semblance of this reality, the optical interpretation our eyes make. This leads to a polarisation between what things are and what we see and how we visually interpret them, between description and interpretation. Photography, as a visual recording mechanism, refers to that which surrounds us and resists,’ as María Zambrano famously de ned reality. It is a medium that combines its documentary characteristic, found in natural signs, which Roland Barthes called spectatorial’ consciousness, thus di erentiated from the ctional’ consciousness of painting and other forms of expression, with a language open to connotation and interpretation of this reality. hether visual language is photographic or not, it brings together the representation of what we see and the more or less subjective perception arising from it. isual language, as a sensory channel, should, therefore, accommodate emotion and artistic appreciation. In 1 20 Paul Klee wrote that art does not reproduce the visible; it makes visible’.
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Hierarchical Population Genetic Structure in a Direct Developing Antarctic Marine Invertebrate
No full textHoffman J, Clarke A, Clark MS, Peck LS. Hierarchical Population Genetic Structure in a Direct Developing Antarctic Marine Invertebrate. PLoS ONE. 2013;8(5): e63954.Understanding the relationship between life-history variation and population structure in marine invertebrates is not straightforward. This is particularly true of polar species due to the difficulty of obtaining samples and a paucity of genomic resources from which to develop nuclear genetic markers. Such knowledge, however, is essential for understanding how different taxa may respond to climate change in the most rapidly warming regions of the planet. We therefore used over two hundred polymorphic Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms (AFLPs) to explore population connectivity at three hierachical spatial scales in the direct developing Antarctic topshell Margarella antarctica. To previously published data from five populations spanning a 1500 km transect along the length of the Western Antarctic Peninsula, we added new AFLP data for four populations separated by up to 6 km within Ryder Bay, Adelaide Island. Overall, we found a nonlinear isolation-by-distance pattern, suggestive of weaker population structure within Ryder Bay than is present over larger spatial scales. Nevertheless, significantly positive Fst values were obtained in all but two of ten pairwise population comparisons within the bay following Bonferroni correction for multiple tests. This is in contrast to a previous study of the broadcast spawner Nacella concinna that found no significant genetic differences among several of the same sites. By implication, the topshell's direct-developing lifestyle may constrain its ability to disperse even over relatively small geographic scales
Spatial palindromes/palindromic spaces: spatial devices in Vitruvius, Mallarmé, Polieri, Perec and Libeskind
No full textThis thesis explores non-linear geometric texts and narratives in literature and architecture and the experience of space that is facilitated by them. The research focuses on the palindrome because it is a non-linear mathematical/geometrical device that is found both in literature and architecture. In language, the palindrome is expressed in the geometrical arrangement of words, letters or concepts in the text or the narrative; and, in architecture, as mirrored symmetries or palindromic proportions, measurements and distributions of elements in drawings and buildings. The primary aim of the thesis is to explore the spatial qualities of palindromes, and the experience of those qualities not only in text but also in architecture. This dissertation thus consists of two parts: the first examines Spatial Palindromes in terms of the spatial structures of selected texts and considers their relation to architecture; and the second examines Palindromic Spaces in terms of the spatial experiences created by and through palindromes in text and architecture. The first part, Spatial Palindromes, constructs an original history of the spatial qualities of palindromes by looking at the theory guiding the use of non-linear devices in texts and architecture. This history moves from the use of palindromes in the work of classical figures and scholars (Orpheus, Pythagoras and Vitruvius), to the Medieval and Renaissance practice of mnemonics (Frances Yates, Mary Carruthers), to early twentieth-century structural linguistics (Ferdinand de Saussure) and the group OuLiPo (Raymond Queneau, Franyois Le Lionnais) and, finally, to late twentieth-century post-structural linguistics (Jean Baudrillard.) The thesis argues that palindromes create spatial experiences both in texts and architecture. For this reason the second part, Palindromic Spaces, studies the nature of spatial experience in the fictions and designs of Stephane Mallarme, Jacques Polieri, Georges Perec, and Daniel Libeskind. According to Baudrillard the poetic space, hidden or revealed by the anagram and palindrome, is where the solid structure of language is "exterminated." This act of extermination, or the poetic space that palindrome reveals in language, opens up perception, memory and recollection to a spatial experience "that incorporates the recession of outcomes ad infinitum;" a self-generated, self-consumed or self-reflective conception of history and space that this thesis aims to explore in architecture
A second [f]ree-gift to the clergy [electronic resource] : Or The hireling-priests, of what denomination soever again challeng'd to a disputation on this question; [w]hether the hireling preachers of this age, who are all ministers of the letter, be not worshippers of the apocalyptical beast, and ministers of antichrist? [v]ery fit to be debated in these latter times of the apostacy. By Thomas Woolston, [so]metime Fellow of Sidney College in Cambridge.
No full textSome copies issued in a five-volume set of Woolston's works published, without a collective title, after his death.Price on title page: (Price One Shilling.)Electronic reproduction.English Short Title Catalog,Reproduction of original from British Library
Socioeconomic Typology of Farms from the Viewpoint of their Development and Reproductive Capability
No full textAutor razrađuje socioekonomsku tipologiju seljačkih
gospodarstava, koja slijedi prvenstveno njihov
razvoj i reproduktivnu sposobnost. Tipologiju zasniva na slijedećim polazištima:
— Objekt klasifikacije jest seljačko gospodarstvo
kao proizvodna i socijalna jedinica za koju je karakteristična isprepletenost proizvodne i potrošne dimenzije. Unutar seljačke porodice treba razlikovati
porodičnu jezgru koja se sastoji iz domaćina (vlasnika) i njegova (njezine) žene (muža) i uzdržavanih
članova.
— Osnovni kriterij ove tipologije jest aktivnost pojedinih
članova porodica, odnosno činjenica jesu li
oni zaposleni izvan seljačkog gospodarstva. Dalje
je važno i to čine li oni koji su zaposleni izvan
gospodarstava porodičnu jezgru.
— Dalji tipološki kriterij jest starost članova porodice.
Aktivnost na gospodarstvu ili zaposlenos izvan
njega određuju se samo za članove u aktivnoj životnoj
dobi (15—65 godina).
Definirano je slijedećih pet tipova seljačkih gospodarstava
i tip 6, koji predstavlja vlasnički reziduum
nekadašnjeg seljačkog gospodarstva.
Tip 1: čisto seljačko gospodarstvo. Svi su članovi
porodice u aktivnoj životnoj dobi i rade samo na
svom gospodarstvu ili su uzdržavani.
Tip 2: Potencijalno čisto seljačko gospodarstvo.
Samo oni članovi koji ne čine porodičnu jezgru, zaposleni
su izvan gospodarstava- U izuzetnom slučaju
u ovu skupinu ulaze i ona gospodarstva na kojima je od četiriju članova porodične jezgre u aktivnoj
životnoj dobi, jedan zaposlen izvan gospodarstva,
dok ostala tri čine najmanje dvije pune radne snage.
Tip 3: Mješovito gospodarstvo — Najmanje jedan
od proizvodno aktivnih članova porodične jezgre radi
isključivo na gospodarstvu, istovremeno je najmanje
jedan od tih članova zaposlen izvan gospodarstva.
Tip 4: Dopunsko gospodarstvo — Svi proizvodno
aktivni članovi zaposleni su izvan gospodarstva i
bave se poljoprivredom isključivo u svoje slobodno
vrijeme.
Tip 5: Ostarjelo gospodarstvo — Svi su članovi stariji
od 64 godine ali se još uvijek (barem neki od
njih) aktivno bave poljoprivredom.
Tip 6: Poljoprivredno neaktivno gospodarstvo — Domaćinstva
još posjeduju poljoprivrednu zemlju ali
se više ne bave poljoDrivredom.
Svrstavanjem i usporedbom oko 450 seljačkih gospodarstava
s jednog užeg područja (istraživanog 1981)
prema trima različitim tipovima te analizom nekih
karakterističnih podataka za ova gospodarstva autor
je ilustrirao aplikativnost predložene tipologije.The typology was made on the basis
of the following starting points:
— Object of classification is farm as
a producitonal and social unit within
the production and consumation
dimension are intertwined. Inside the
farm family there is a family nucleus
which consists of the farmer-owner
and his (her) wife (husband), and the
supported family members.
— The basic criterium of typology is
the activity of sigle familiy members
and the fact hether they are employed
off-farm. It is also of un utmost
importance whether those employed
off-farm belong to the family nucleus.
— Further typology criterium is the age
of the family members.
Activity on the farm or employment
off-farm are determined onliy for the
members in an active period od life
(15 — 65 years).
The following 5 types of farms were
determined as well as the type 6 which
represents the ownership residue of a
former farm.
Type 1. Full-time farm: All family
members in the active
period of life ork only on
their farm or they are
supported.
Type 2. Potentially full-time
farm: Only those members of
family who do not belong to
the family nucleus are
employed off-farm.
Exceptionally, those farms on
which of the four members
of family nucleus in the
active period of life one is
off-farm and the other three
represent at at least two full labour
forces, could ranged in this group too.
Type 3. Part-time farm: At least one of
the productionally active members of
family nucleus works exclusively on
the farm; at the same time at least
one these members is employed
off-farm. Type 4. Supplementary farm: All the
productionally active members of
family are employed off-farm, they are
engaged in agriculture exclusively in
their free time.
Type 5. Senior farm: All the family
members are older than 64 years and
they are still (at least some of them)
actively engaged in agriculture.
Type 6. Agriculturally non-active farm:
Households in possession of
agricultural land but which are not
engaged in agriculture any more.
By the comparison of classification of
about 450 farms from a small region
(investigated in 1981.) according to 3
different typologies (2,4 and the
defined 6 groups) and by the analysis
of several characteristical data on
farms, the author has illustrated the
applicability of the suggested typology
Many spheres of music : hermeneutic interpretation of musical signification
No full textConsiderable interest has been shown in the field of music aesthetics in recent years,
not only by aestheticians but also by writers from diverse fields such as musicology,
psychology and linguistics. What we have witnessed in these discussions have been
not only painstaking analyses of music in terms of its aesthetic value, but also
explorations of music in relation to a varied range of research areas from examining
the relations between music and mind using psychological methods, through
evaluating music in terms of our post-modem notion of art, to exploring the relations
between language and music in terms of their semantic and semiotic characteristics.
Such accounts typically seek to show that music is more than mere sound, and, in
particular, several accounts focus on its expressiveness and its possibility of
conveying a certain significance
